近日，中国科学院青海盐湖所李波团队实现了K⁺和F^-共掺杂制备多孔富镍阴极材料。这一研究成果于2025年11月10日发表在《颗粒学报》杂志上。

高镍正极材料因其高容量和低成本在锂离子电池领域备受关注，但其结构和热力学不稳定性以及需要进一步提升的循环性能限制了大规模商业应用。

研究组采用协同钾离子（K⁺）和氟离子（F^-）共掺杂策略优化了LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂高镍正极材料的性能：微量表面K⁺掺杂形成具有尖锐边缘的大多面体一次颗粒，抑制了二次颗粒的致密聚集并促进了内部孔隙的均匀分布；体相F^-掺杂则稳定了材料结构。这种共掺杂与多孔架构的协同作用显著改善了电解液渗透性、缩短了锂离子传输路径、降低了Li⁺/Ni²⁺混排程度及锂离子迁移势垒，并促进了稳定正极-电解液界面（CEI）的形成，从而缓解了极化现象并抑制了晶格氧损失。

优化后的KF30样品在8C倍率下可实现173.0 mAh g^-1的比容量（为未掺杂KF00样品的111%）；在1C倍率下循环200次后仍保持170.5 mAh g^-1（容量保持率88.39%），性能比KF00样品提升12.36%。该策略为提升高镍正极材料的稳定性和电化学性能提供了经济高效的解决方案。

附：英文原文

Title: Porous Ni-rich cathode material constructed by K+ and F co-doping

Author: Jinbo Zeng a b c d, Bo Li a b c d, Yuan Zhou e

Issue&Volume: 2025/11/10

Abstract: Ni-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high capacity and low cost; however, they are structurally and thermodynamically unstable, and their cycling performance also needs to be further improved to meet the needs of large-scale commercial applications. Herein, a synergistic K+ and F- co-doping strategy is used to enhance performance of Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material. Trace surface K+ doping forms large polyhedral primary particles with sharp edges, hindering dense aggregation and promoting uniform internal porosity within secondary particles. Bulk F- doping stabilizes the structure. This co-doping, combined with the porous architecture, significantly improves electrolyte infiltration, shortens Li+ pathways, reduces Li+/Ni2+ disordering, and lowers Li+ migration barriers, facilitates a stable cathode electrolyte interface (CEI), mitigates polarization and suppresses lattice oxygen loss. The optimized KF30 sample delivers 173.0 mAh g-1 at 8 C (111% of undoped KF00 capacity). After 200 cycles at 1 C, it retains 170.5 mAh g-1 (88.39% retention), outperforming KF00 by 12.36%. This strategy provides a cost-effective approach to boost Ni-rich cathode stability and electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries.

DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.10.024

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1674200125002974