近日，四川大学李耀文团队研究了自组装单层中的可逆热驱动苯基扭转释放热弹性倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池的应变。相关论文于2025年11月10日发表在《德国应用化学》杂志上。

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的长期稳定性长期受限于热加工过程及运行条件波动引发的固有应变。

研究组引入一种基于咔唑的自组装单分子层（SAM）空穴传输层——(6-(3,6-二苯基-9H-咔唑-9-基)己基)磷酸（命名为Torsioner SAM），其具有可逆的热驱动苯基扭转特性。光谱与理论研究表明，在钙钛矿沉积和实际运行的关键温度区间内，其扭转角呈现动态线性调节（0.07° K^-1）。该SAM通过两个热驱动苯基单元作为分子缓冲层，有效释放界面失配产生的残余应变。同时，Torsioner SAM可抑制热激活晶格畸变，并在运行温度变化下持续消散额外应变。

实验结果表明，对应器件展现出显著提升的等温稳定性与热循环稳定性：在ISOS-D-2I协议下运行1000小时后仍保持初始效率的91.3%以上；在ISOS-T-1协议下经历200次热循环（25–85 °C）后效率保留率达94.4%。该SAM的引入同时抑制了非辐射复合并优化了空穴传输，最终实现0.09 cm²器件26.26%、1 cm²器件24.24%的最高功率转换效率。

附：英文原文

Title: Reversible Thermally Driven Phenyl Torsion in Self-Assembled Monolayers Releases Strain for Heat-Resilient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Author: Lingying Ren, Peng Huang, Weijie Chen, Yansheng Chen, Zhijie Gao, Wenlei Lv, Yaowen Li

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-10

Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) long-term stability remains constrained by intrinsic strain induced by thermal processes and fluctuating operating conditions. Here, we introduce a carbazole-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) hole transporting layer, (6-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl) phosphonic acid, termed as Torsioner SAM, which features reversible, thermally driven phenyl torsion behavior. Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations confirm a dynamic, linear modulation of the torsion angle by 0.07° K1 within the critical temperature window spanning perovskite deposition and practical operation. The Torsioner SAM with two thermal driven phenyl units serves as a molecular buffer, effectively releasing residual strain caused by interfacial mismatch. Furthermore, the Torsioner SAM mitigates thermal activated lattice distortions and continuously dissipates additional strain under operational temperature variations. As a result, the corresponding devices exhibit markedly improved isothermal and thermocycling stabilities, retaining over 91.3% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h under the ISOS-D-2I protocol and 94.4% after over 200 thermal cycles (25–85 °C) under the ISOS-T-1 protocol. The incorporation of the Torsioner SAM also suppresses non-radiative recombination and enhances hole transport, yielding champion power conversion efficiencies of 26.26% (0.09 cm2) and 24.24% (1 cm2).

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202521774

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202521774