近日，美国卡内基科学研究所F. Miozzi团队报道了实验揭示行星形成过程中极端的水生成。2025年10月30日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

银河系中发现的最丰富的行星类型在太阳系中没有类似的行星，据信由岩石内部组成，上面覆盖着厚厚的H₂包层。模型预测，大气中的氢和地下岩浆海洋之间的反应可以产生大量的水。然而，目前缺乏氢和硅酸盐熔体在高压和高温下反应的实验数据，这些模型受到了影响。

研究组提出了新的实验结果，旨在研究这种相互作用。在4000 K以上的温度下，在16 ~ 60 GPa范围内进行了激光加热金刚石砧孔实验。研究组发现，大量的氢溶解到硅酸盐熔体中，很大程度上依赖于温度而不是压力。研究组还发现氧化铁的减少会导致大量的水的产生，并形成富含铁的气泡。总之，这些结果预测，参与行星形成的典型过程将导致大量的水产生，并对行星内部以及大气的化学和结构产生影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Experiments reveal extreme water generation during planet formation

Author: Miozzi, F., Shahar, A., Young, E. D., Wang, J., Steele, A., Borensztajn, S., Vitale, S. M., Bullock, E. S., Wehr, N., Badro, J.

Issue&Volume: 2025-10-30

Abstract: The most abundant type of planet discovered in the Galaxy has no analogue in our Solar System and is believed to consist of a rocky interior with an overlying thick H2 dominated envelope. Models have predicted that the reaction between the atmospheric hydrogen and the underlying magma ocean can lead to the production of significant amounts of water. The models suffer however from the current lack of experimental data on the reaction between hydrogen and silicate melt at high pressures and temperatures. Here we present novel experimental results designed to investigate this interaction. Laser heating diamond anvil cell experiments were conducted between 16 and 60 GPa at temperatures above 4000 K. We find that copious amounts of hydrogen dissolve into the silicate melt with a large dependence on temperature rather than pressure. We also find that the reduction of iron oxide leads to the production of significant amounts of water along with the formation of iron-enriched blebs. Altogether, the results predict that the typical processes attending planet formation will result in significant water production with repercussions for the chemistry and structure of the planetary interior as well as the atmosphere.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09816-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09816-z