荷兰伊拉斯谟大学Mathilde Richard小组开发出甲型（H5）流感抗原空间中心的疫苗具有广泛的免疫力。2025年10月15日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

高致病性甲型禽流感（H5）病毒主题在全球范围内影响野生和家禽，并在包括人类在内的哺乳动物中引起严重感染，强调了它们的大流行潜力。A（H5）血凝素（HA）的抗原性进化对大流行防备和疫苗设计提出了挑战。

在这里，A(H5) HA的全球抗原进化在高分辨率抗原图中被捕获。该图谱的主题是设计免疫原性和抗原性中心的疫苗HA抗原，引发广泛覆盖A（H5）抗原空间的抗体反应。在雪貂中，一种中心抗原和同源疫苗保护它们免受两种抗原不同病毒主题的异源病毒感染。这项工作展示了全亚型甲型流感（H5）大流行前疫苗的合理设计，并证明了抗原图通过抗体谱评估疫苗诱导的免疫反应的价值。

附：英文原文

Title: A vaccine central in A(H5) influenza antigenic space confers broad immunity

Author: Kok, Adinda, Wilks, Samuel H., Tureli, Sina, James, Sarah L., Bestebroer, Theo M., Burke, David F., Funk, Mathis, van der Vliet, Stefan, Spronken, Monique I., Rijnink, Willemijn F., Pattinson, David J., de Meulder, Dennis, Rosu, Miruna E., Lexmond, Pascal, van den Brand, Judith M. A., Herfst, Sander, Smith, Derek J., Fouchier, Ron A. M., Richard, Mathilde

Issue&Volume: 2025-10-15

Abstract: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses globally impact wild and domestic birds, and have caused severe infections in mammals, including humans, underscoring their pandemic potential1,2,3,4,5. The antigenic evolution of the A(H5) haemagglutinin (HA) poses challenges for pandemic preparedness and vaccine design6. Here the global antigenic evolution of the A(H5) HA was captured in a high-resolution antigenic map. The map was used to design immunogenic and antigenically central vaccine HA antigens, eliciting antibody responses that broadly cover the A(H5) antigenic space. In ferrets, a central antigen protected as well as homologous vaccines against heterologous infection with two antigenically distinct viruses. This work showcases the rational design of subtype-wide influenza A(H5) pre-pandemic vaccines and demonstrates the value of antigenic maps for the evaluation of vaccine-induced immune responses through antibody profiles.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09626-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09626-3