近日，中国科学院土壤科学研究所尧一骏团队研究了中国农田土壤酸化的稳定性。相关论文于2025年10月14日发表在《自然—地球科学》杂志上。

自20世纪下半叶以来，中国农田土壤一直面临酸化；然而，这方面的时间和空间变化却鲜为人知。

研究组分析了7024个区域调查的农田土壤酸化情况，并利用机器学习模型预测了1985 - 2040年中国农田表层土壤pH值的时空变化。该研究结果揭示了中国农业土壤化学的一个转折点：从20世纪80年代开始的持续酸化在2013年左右整体停止（1985-2013年期间pH值累计下降~0.25个单位），这与农业政策改革导致的氮肥施用模式的变化密切相关。

区域差异显著，水田pH值在2013年后恢复，而旱地土壤pH值自2000年以来基本保持不变。这些发现强调了农业政策和氮肥管理在塑造土壤健康动态方面的关键作用。研究组为中国的可持续农业提供了指导，同时也提供了适用于全球农业实践的见解。

附：英文原文

Title: Stabilization of acidification in China’s cropland soils

Author: Zhang, Wangbo, Wei, Changlong, Li, Jiuyu, Zhou, Qing, Ma, Jianqing, Li, Yanli, He, Yuxuan, Zou, Yi, Luo, Yongming, Yao, Yijun

Issue&Volume: 2025-10-14

Abstract: China’s cropland soil has faced acidification since the latter half of the twentieth century; however, the temporal and spatial variations of this are poorly known. Here we analyse cropland soil acidification using 7,024 regional surveys and a machine learning model to project spatiotemporal variations in cropland topsoil pH across China from 1985 to 2040. Our results reveal a turning point in China’s agricultural soil chemistry: consistent acidification from the 1980s ceased as a whole around 2013 (with a cumulative pH decline of ~0.25 units during 1985–2013), correlating strongly with changes in nitrogen fertilizer application patterns consequent to agricultural policy reforms. Regional heterogeneity was observed, with paddy fields exhibiting pH recovery post-2013 while values in dryland soils remained largely static since 2000. These findings underscore the critical role of agricultural policy and nitrogen fertilizer management in shaping soil health dynamics. This Article offers guidance for sustainable agriculture in China while providing insights applicable to global farming practices.

DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01813-1

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01813-1