课题组发现裸鼹鼠环鸟苷单磷酸-腺苷单磷酸合成酶（cGAS）在进化过程中通过改变其氨基酸而缺乏人类或同位同源物在同源物重组修复中的抑制功能。这些变化通过削弱TRIM41介导的泛素化和与分离酶P97的相互作用，使cGAS在DNA损伤时保留染色质的时间更长。延长cGAS的染色质结合增强了修复因子FANCI和RAD50之间的相互作用，促进了RAD50招募到损伤位点，从而增强了同源重组修复。
此外，它们的氨基酸介导了cGAS的抗细胞和组织衰老和延长寿命的功能。因此，操纵cGAS可能构成一种延长寿命的机制。
据介绍，有效的DNA修复可能会使裸鼹鼠长寿。然而，它们是否具有独特的机制来优化DNA修复抑制子的功能尚不清楚。
附：英文原文
Title: A cGAS-mediated mechanism in naked mole-rats potentiates DNA repair and delays aging
Author: Yu Chen, Zhixi Chen, Hao Wang, Zhen Cui, Kai-Le Li, Zhiwei Song, Lingjiang Chen, Xiaoxiang Sun, Xiaoyu Xu, Yixue Zhang, Li Tan, Jian Yuan, Rong Tan, Min-Hua Luo, Fang-Lin Sun, Haipeng Liu, Ying Jiang, Zhiyong Mao
Issue&Volume: 2025-10-09
Abstract: Efficient DNA repair might make possible the longevity of naked mole-rats. However, whether they have distinctive mechanisms to optimize functions of DNA repair suppressors is unclear. We find that naked mole-rat cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) lacks the suppressive function of human or mouse homologs in homologous recombination repair through the alteration of four amino acids during evolution. The changes enable cGAS to retain chromatin longer upon DNA damage by weakening TRIM41-mediated ubiquitination and interaction with the segregase P97. Prolonged chromatin binding of cGAS enhanced the interaction between repair factors FANCI and RAD50 to facilitate RAD50 recruitment to damage sites, thereby potentiating homologous recombination repair. Moreover, the four amino acids mediate the function of cGAS in antagonizing cellular and tissue aging and extending life span. Manipulating cGAS might therefore constitute a mechanism for life-span extension.
DOI: adp5056
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp5056