山东大学徐立强报道了高倍率水溶液锌离子电池的客体阴离子化学层次化界面。相关研究成果发表在2025年1月20日出版的《德国应用化学》。

界面副反应和树枝状生长导致的锌阳极可逆性差，对水性锌离子电池的实际应用构成了重大限制。

该文中，研究人员将具有强极性亲锌客体阴离子的共溶质乙酰磺酸钾引入传统的低浓度水性电解质中。该调节增强了电解质的离子电导率，并加速了锌离子在电极/电解质界面上的去溶剂化过程。此外，引入的乙酰磺胺阴离子导致形成稳定的、具有分级结晶无定形双层结构固体电解质界面，有效抑制了副反应，并能够均匀的锌离子扩散沉积。

结果表明，所设计电解质中的锌阳极具有显著的可逆性，在40mA cm^-2的超高电流密度和67.6%的放电深度下实现了稳定运行，超过了之前的大多数报道。用这种电解质组装的Zn//I₂全电池具有高倍率能力（在20A g^-1下为135.0 mAh g^-1）和出色的寿命（在10A g^-1下40000次循环后容量保持率为96.3%）。还展示了一种大型Zn//I₂袋式电池，在3.3 mA cm^-2下进行600次循环后，总容量为170 mAh，容量保持率为78.8%，突显了客体阴离子化学在实际应用中的潜力。

附：英文原文

Title: Hierarchical Interface Enabled by a Guest-Anionic Chemistry for High-Rate Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries

Author: Guangmeng Qu, Yongzheng Zhao, Chuanlin Li, Yanjun Zhai, Yueyue Kong, Xiyu He, Lingtong Kong, Chang Wang, Ming Chen, Kepeng Song, Zhuoxin Liu, Liqiang Xu

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-20

Abstract: The poor reversibility of the zinc anode caused by interfacial side reactions and dendritic growth poses significant constraints on the practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Herein, a co-solute, acesulfame potassium, with strongly polar, zincophilic guest anions is introduced into a conventional low-concentration aqueous electrolyte. This regulation enhances the electrolyte's ionic conductivity and accelerates the desolvation process of zinc ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface.Furthermore, the introduced acesulfame anions give rise to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface with a hierarchical crystalline-amorphous bilayer structure that effectively suppresses side reactions and allows for uniform zinc ion diffusion-deposition. Results show that the zinc anode in the designed electrolyte possesses remarkable reversibility, achieving stable operation under a ultrahigh current density of 40 mA cm-2 and 67.6 % depth of discharge, surpassing most previous reports. Zn//I2 full cells assembled with this electrolyte exhibit high rate capability (135.0 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1) and remarkable lifespan (96.3% capacity retention after 40,000 cycles at 10 A g-1). A large-sized Zn//I2 pouch cell is also demonstrated, delivering a total capacity of 170 mAh with 78.8% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 3.3 mA cm-2, highlighting the potential of the guest-anionic chemistry in practical applications.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202422036

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202422036