荷兰自由大学Scholten, Rebecca C.团队的一项最新研究，揭示了受环境和人为因素影响的北极-北方地区火情的空间可变性。相关论文发表在2024年9月2日出版的《自然—地球科学》杂志上。

据研究人员介绍，北极和寒带地区的野火活动正在迅速增加，对气候和人类健康带来严重后果。火灾频率和强度的区域性长期变化是火灾状况的特征。然而，人们对北极—寒带地区火情的空间可变性及其环境和人为驱动因素仍知之甚少。

团队研究人员提出了一个火灾跟踪系统，该系统使用375m可见光红外成像辐射计套件主动火灾探测，以及由此产生的单个火灾的点火时间、位置、大小、持续时间、蔓延和强度的结果数据集，绘制了2012-2023年期间所有环极北极-北方火灾的亚日演变图。研究人员使用该数据集将北极-北方生物群落划分为，七个具有独特气候和地理环境的“高温区”。

研究结果发现，这些高温区对环境驱动因素的响应不同，其中北美北部、西伯利亚东部和北部冻土带地区对气候和闪电密度的敏感性最高。此外，人为因素与其他因素相互作用，对火灾数量和规模也有重要影响。研究结果强调，了解北极-北方地区火情的空间可变性及其相互关联的驱动因素，对于改善未来火灾活动的预测和确定极端事件风险地区非常重要。

附：英文原文

Title: Spatial variability in Arctic–boreal fire regimes influenced by environmental and human factors

Author: Scholten, Rebecca C., Veraverbeke, Sander, Chen, Yang, Randerson, James T.

Issue&Volume: 2024-09-02

Abstract: Wildfire activity in Arctic and boreal regions is rapidly increasing, with severe consequences for climate and human health. Regional long-term variations in fire frequency and intensity characterize fire regimes. The spatial variability in Arctic–boreal fire regimes and their environmental and anthropogenic drivers, however, remain poorly understood. Here we present a fire tracking system to map the sub-daily evolution of all circumpolar Arctic–boreal fires between 2012 and 2023 using 375m Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite active fire detections and the resulting dataset of the ignition time, location, size, duration, spread and intensity of individual fires. We use this dataset to classify the Arctic–boreal biomes into seven distinct ‘pyroregions’ with unique climatic and geographic environments. We find that these pyroregions exhibit varying responses to environmental drivers, with boreal North America, eastern Siberia and northern tundra regions showing the highest sensitivity to climate and lightning density. In addition, anthropogenic factors play an important role in influencing fire number and size, interacting with other factors. Understanding the spatial variability of fire regimes and its interconnected drivers in the Arctic–boreal domain is important for improving future predictions of fire activity and identifying areas at risk for extreme events.

DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01505-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01505-2