加拿大马尼托巴大学Meghan B. Azad，加拿大麦克马斯特大学Michael G. Surette，加拿大多伦多大学Padmaja Subbarao和美国纽约大学Liat Shenhav共同合作，近期取得重要工作进展。他们研究提出，微生物定植程序受到母乳喂养的影响并能指导健康的呼吸发育。相关研究成果2024年9月19日在线发表于《细胞》杂志上。
据介绍，婴儿期的母乳喂养和微生物定植发生在发育的关键时间窗口内，两者都被认为会影响呼吸道疾病的风险。然而，母乳喂养和微生物定植的的保护作用调节机制尚不清楚。
研究人员分析了来自儿童队列研究的2227名儿童的鼻腔和肠道微生物群、母乳喂养特征和母乳成分。研究人员发现了强有力的定植模式，连同牛奶成分，预测学龄前哮喘和调解母乳喂养的保护作用。研究人员发现，早期停止母乳喂养（3个月前）会导致微生物种类和功能的过早获得，包括瘤胃球菌和色氨酸的生物合成，这在以前被认为与免疫调节和哮喘有关。相反，更长时间的纯母乳喂养有助于促进微生物的有序发育，从而预防哮喘。
总之，这一研究强调了延长母乳喂养对呼吸系统健康的重要性，并强调了潜在的微生物干预靶点。
附：英文原文
Title: Microbial colonization programs are structured by breastfeeding and guide healthy respiratory development
Author: Liat Shenhav, Kelsey Fehr, Myrtha E. Reyna, Charisse Petersen, Darlene L.Y. Dai, Ruixue Dai, Vanessa Breton, Laura Rossi, Marek Smieja, Elinor Simons, Michael A. Silverman, Maayan Levy, Lars Bode, Catherine J. Field, Jean S. Marshall, Theo J. Moraes, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, Michael G. Surette, Meghan B. Azad
Issue&Volume: 2024/09/19
Abstract: Breastfeeding and microbial colonization during infancy occur within a critical time window for development, and both are thought to influence the risk of respiratory illness. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding and the regulation of microbial colonization are poorly understood. Here, we profiled the nasal and gut microbiomes, breastfeeding characteristics, and maternal milk composition of 2,227 children from the CHILD Cohort Study. We identified robust colonization patterns that, together with milk components, predict preschool asthma and mediate the protective effects of breastfeeding. We found that early cessation of breastfeeding (before 3 months) leads to the premature acquisition of microbial species and functions, including Ruminococcus gnavus and tryptophan biosynthesis, which were previously linked to immune modulation and asthma. Conversely, longer exclusive breastfeeding supports a paced microbial development, protecting against asthma. These findings underscore the importance of extended breastfeeding for respiratory health and highlight potential microbial targets for intervention.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.022
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)00782-7