美国圣裘德儿童研究医院Paul G. Thomas等研究人员合作发现，流感疫苗接种刺激人体T滤泡辅助性细胞反应的成熟。相关论文于2024年8月20日在线发表在《自然—免疫学》杂志上。

研究人员分析了人类志愿者在两次相隔1年的流感疫苗接种后超过2年的血液和引流淋巴结（LN）样本，以定义CD4⁺ T滤泡辅助性细胞（T_FH细胞）细胞反应的演变。第一次疫苗接种在接种后第1周诱导了循环T_FH（cT_FH）细胞和LN T_FH细胞频率的增加。对于cT_FH细胞，这一增加是短暂的，而LN T_FH细胞在第2周进一步扩展，且其频率至少在3个月内保持升高。

研究人员观察到LN中存在几种不同的T_FH细胞亚群，包括基线和所有接种后时间点的前体T_FH细胞、记忆T_FH细胞、生发中心（GC）T_FH细胞和白细胞介素-10⁺ T_FH细胞亚群。与第一次疫苗接种相比，在第二次疫苗接种后，GC T_FH细胞表型的转变速度更快。研究人员还鉴定了几种流感特异性T_FH细胞克隆系，包括针对内部流感病毒蛋白的多种反应，并发现每种T_FH细胞状态都可以在一个克隆系内实现。因此，人类T_FH细胞形成了一个持久且动态的多组织网络。

研究人员表示，在人类CD4⁺ T_FH细胞在流感疫苗接种后的分化和特异性尚未得到充分定义。

附：英文原文

Title: Influenza vaccination stimulates maturation of the human T follicular helper cell response

Author: Schattgen, Stefan A., Turner, Jackson S., Ghonim, Mohamed A., Crawford, Jeremy Chase, Schmitz, Aaron J., Kim, Hyunjin, Zhou, Julian Q., Awad, Walid, Mettelman, Robert C., Kim, Wooseob, McIntire, Katherine M., Haile, Alem, Klebert, Michael K., Suessen, Teresa, Middleton, William D., Teefey, Sharlene A., Presti, Rachel M., Ellebedy, Ali H., Thomas, Paul G.

Issue&Volume: 2024-08-20

Abstract: The differentiation and specificity of human CD4+ T follicular helper cells (TFH cells) after influenza vaccination have been poorly defined. Here we profiled blood and draining lymph node (LN) samples from human volunteers for over 2years after two influenza vaccines were administered 1year apart to define the evolution of the CD4+ TFH cell response. The first vaccination induced an increase in the frequency of circulating TFH (cTFH) and LN TFH cells at week 1 postvaccination. This increase was transient for cTFH cells, whereas the LN TFH cells further expanded during week 2 and remained elevated in frequency for at least 3months. We observed several distinct subsets of TFH cells in the LN, including pre-TFH cells, memory TFH cells, germinal center (GC) TFH cells and interleukin-10+ TFH cell subsets beginning at baseline and at all time points postvaccination. The shift toward a GC TFH cell phenotype occurred with faster kinetics after the second vaccine compared to the first vaccine. We identified several influenza-specific TFH cell clonal lineages, including multiple responses targeting internal influenza virus proteins, and found that each TFH cell state was attainable within a clonal lineage. Thus, human TFH cells form a durable and dynamic multitissue network.

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01926-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-024-01926-6