沙特阿拉伯阿卜杜拉国王科技大学Simon G. Krattinger和Brande B. H. Wulff研究组取得一项新突破。他们的最新研究揭示了面包小麦（Triticum aestivum）D基因组的起源和进化。相关论文于2024年8月14日发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员建立并分析了面包小麦D基因组的供体株陶氏山羊草（Aegilops tauschii）的大量基因组资源。通过对46个Ae. tauschii基因组进行分析，研究人员克隆了一个抗病基因，并在一个复杂的抗病基因座上进行了单倍型分析，使研究人员能够从旁系基因拷贝中分辨出等位基因。

研究还揭示了面包小麦D基因组复杂的遗传组成和起源，其包含了遗传上和地理上离散的Ae. tauschii亚群特征。该研究结果揭示了面包小麦D基因组的复杂进化历史，并证明野生近缘物种在作物改良中的巨大潜力。

研究人员表示，面包小麦是全球主要的农作物，也是人类饮食中热量和蛋白质的主要来源。与其野生祖先相比，现代面包小麦的遗传多样性较低，这是由多倍体化、驯化和育种瓶颈造成的。野生小麦的近缘物种是潜在的基因库，蕴藏着面包小麦尚未具有的多样性和有益等位基因。

附：英文原文

Title: Origin and evolution of the bread wheat D genome

Author: Cavalet-Giorsa, Emile, Gonzlez-Muoz, Andrea, Athiyannan, Naveenkumar, Holden, Samuel, Salhi, Adil, Gardener, Catherine, Quiroz-Chvez, Jess, Rustamova, Samira M., Elkot, Ahmed Fawzy, Patpour, Mehran, Rasheed, Awais, Mao, Long, Lagudah, Evans S., Periyannan, Sambasivam K., Sharon, Amir, Himmelbach, Axel, Reif, Jochen C., Knauft, Manuela, Mascher, Martin, Stein, Nils, Chayut, Noam, Ghosh, Sreya, Perovic, Dragan, Putra, Alexander, Perera, Ana B., Hu, Chia-Yi, Yu, Guotai, Ahmed, Hanin Ibrahim, Laquai, Konstanze D., Rivera, Luis F., Chen, Renjie, Wang, Yajun, Gao, Xin, Liu, Sanzhen, Raupp, W. John, Olson, Eric L., Lee, Jong-Yeol, Chhuneja, Parveen, Kaur, Satinder, Zhang, Peng, Park, Robert F., Ding, Yi, Liu, Deng-Cai, Li, Wanlong, Nasyrova, Firuza Y., Dvorak, Jan, Abbasi, Mehrdad, Li, Meng, Kumar, Naveen, Meyer, Wilku B., Boshoff, Willem H. P., Steffenson, Brian J., Matny, Oadi, Sharma, Parva K., Tiwari, Vijay K., Grewal, Surbhi, Pozniak, Curtis J., Chawla, Harmeet Singh, Ens, Jennifer, Dunning, Luke T., Kolmer, James A., Lazo, Gerard R., Xu, Steven S., Gu, Yong Q., Xu, Xianyang, Uauy, Cristobal, Abrouk, Michael, Bougouffa, Salim, Brar, Gurcharn S., Wulff, Brande B. H., Krattinger, Simon G.

Issue&Volume: 2024-08-14

Abstract: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally dominant crop and major source of calories and proteins for the human diet. Compared with its wild ancestors, modern bread wheat shows lower genetic diversity, caused by polyploidisation, domestication and breeding bottlenecks1,2. Wild wheat relatives represent genetic reservoirs, and harbour diversity and beneficial alleles that have not been incorporated into bread wheat. Here we establish and analyse extensive genome resources for Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), the donor of the bread wheat D genome. Our analysis of 46 Ae. tauschii genomes enabled us to clone a disease resistance gene and perform haplotype analysis across a complex disease resistance locus, allowing us to discern alleles from paralogous gene copies. We also reveal the complex genetic composition and history of the bread wheat D genome, which involves contributions from genetically and geographically discrete Ae. tauschii subpopulations. Together, our results reveal the complex history of the bread wheat D genome and demonstrate the potential of wild relatives in crop improvement.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07808-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07808-z