德国莱布尼茨免疫疗法研究所Markus Feuerer课题组近日取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们利用单细胞染色质可及性和转座元件图谱，揭示出组织驻留免疫细胞的共同特征。2024年7月23日出版的《免疫》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究人员分析了单细胞染色质可及性数据，包括结肠、皮肤、脂肪组织和脾脏的CD45⁺ 免疫细胞的转座元件（TE）图谱。研究发现了不同免疫细胞的器官特异性组织适应特征。以组织调节性 T（Treg）细胞细胞为重点，研究发现Treg组织适应程序在其他组织定位的免疫细胞中也有所保留，如产生两性胰岛素的辅助性T细胞（Th）17。其利用可获取的TE作为调控元件，但它们对组织适应的贡献尚不清楚。

TE图谱分析表明，在可及染色质峰内的TE区域，富集了特定的转录因子结合基序。TE，特别是LTR家族的TE，位于增强子区域，与组织适应有关。这些发现拓宽了人们对免疫组织驻留的理解，向实现器官特异性免疫干预迈出了重要一步。

研究人员表示，组织适应需要器官内的Treg细胞。尚不清楚这一过程是否与其他组织定位的免疫群体有相同之处。

附：英文原文

Title: Single-cell chromatin accessibility and transposable element landscapes reveal shared features of tissue-residing immune cells

Author: Malte Simon, Philipp Stüve, Lisa Schmidleithner, Sebastian Bittner, Niklas Beumer, Nicholas Strieder, Christian Schmidl, Asmita Pant, Claudia Gebhard, Andreas Eigenberger, Michael Rehli, Lukas Prantl, Thomas Hehlgans, Benedikt Brors, Charles D. Imbusch, Michael Delacher, Markus Feuerer

Issue&Volume: 2024-07-23

Abstract: Tissue adaptation is required for regulatory T (Treg) cell function within organs. Whether this program shares aspects with other tissue-localized immune populations is unclear. Here, we analyzed single-cell chromatin accessibility data, including the transposable element (TE) landscape of CD45+ immune cells from colon, skin, adipose tissue, and spleen. We identified features of organ-specific tissue adaptation across different immune cells. Focusing on tissue Treg cells, we found conservation of the Treg tissue adaptation program in other tissue-localized immune cells, such as amphiregulin-producing T helper (Th)17 cells. Accessible TEs can act as regulatory elements, but their contribution to tissue adaptation is not understood. TE landscape analysis revealed an enrichment of specific transcription factor binding motifs in TE regions within accessible chromatin peaks. TEs, specifically from the LTR family, were located in enhancer regions and associated with tissue adaptation. These findings broaden our understanding of immune tissue residency and provide an important step toward organ-specific immune interventions.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.06.015

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(24)00321-2