据介绍，尽管众所周知，现代人的祖先与尼安德特人有过混血，但基因流对尼安德特人基因组的影响尚不清楚。
研究人员开发了估算尼安德特人中人类渗入序列数量的方法，并将其应用于2000名现代人和3名尼安德特人的全基因组序列数据。研究人员估计尼安德特人有2.5%至3.7%的人类血统，利用尼安德特人中的人类渐渗序列来修正对现代人类尼安德特人血统的估计，表明尼安德特人的人口规模明显小于之前的估计，并确定了两波不同的现代人类基因流入尼安德特人。
总之，这一研究数据提供了对现代人类和尼安德特人之间反复基因流动的遗传见解。
附：英文原文
Title: Recurrent gene flow between Neanderthals and modern humans over the past 200,000 years
Author: Liming Li, Troy J. Comi, Rob F. Bierman, Joshua M. Akey
Issue&Volume: 2024-07-12
Abstract: Although it is well known that the ancestors of modern humans and Neanderthals admixed, the effects of gene flow on the Neanderthal genome are not well understood. We develop methods to estimate the amount of human-introgressed sequences in Neanderthals and apply it to whole-genome sequence data from 2000 modern humans and three Neanderthals. We estimate that Neanderthals have 2.5 to 3.7% human ancestry, and we leverage human-introgressed sequences in Neanderthals to revise estimates of Neanderthal ancestry in modern humans, show that Neanderthal population sizes were significantly smaller than previously estimated, and identify two distinct waves of modern human gene flow into Neanderthals. Our data provide insights into the genetic legacy of recurrent gene flow between modern humans and Neanderthals.
DOI: adi1768
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi1768