芬兰赫尔辛基大学Nerea Abrego研究组利用空气中传播的DNA揭示了可预测的真菌空间分布和季节动态。相关论文发表在2024年7月10日出版的《自然》杂志上。

为了全面了解真菌的空间分布和季节动态，研究人员对全球分布的真菌孢子进行了标准化空中采样。绝大多数可操作的分类单元仅在一个气候带内被检测到，物种丰富度和群落组成的时空模式主要由年平均气温决定。热带地区的真菌多样性最高，但地衣真菌、麦角菌根真菌和外生菌根真菌除外，这些真菌的多样性在温带地区达到顶峰。

气候反应的敏感性与系统发育相关性有关，这表明一些真菌群的分布范围部分受到其祖先生态位的限制。在季节敏感性方面存在着强烈的系统发育信号，这表明一些真菌类群的孢子只短暂保留了其祖先特征。

总之，该研究结果表明，真菌在全球范围内的分布遵循高度可预测的时空动态，物种丰富度和群落组成的季节性变化随纬度的增加而增加。该研究报告表明真菌存在与其他主要生物类群相似的模式，从而为长期存在的关于微生物的生活方式是否，也遵循宏观生物全球多样性模式的争论做出了解释。

据了解，真菌是生物界中种类最多、对生态意义最重要的生物之一。然而，在很大程度上真菌的分布范围以及形成其分布的生态机制仍不为人所知。

附：英文原文

Title: Airborne DNA reveals predictable spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi

Author: Abrego, Nerea, Furneaux, Brendan, Hardwick, Bess, Somervuo, Panu, Palorinne, Isabella, Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A., Andrew, Nigel R., Babiy, Ulyana V., Bao, Tan, Bazzano, Gisela, Bondarchuk, Svetlana N., Bonebrake, Timothy C., Brennan, Georgina L., Bret-Harte, Syndonia, Bssler, Claus, Cagnolo, Luciano, Cameron, Erin K., Chapurlat, Elodie, Creer, Simon, DAcqui, Luigi P., de Vere, Natasha, Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure, Dongmo, Michel A. K., Jacobsen, Ida B. Dyrholm, Fisher, Brian L., Flores de Jesus, Miguel, Gilbert, Gregory S., Griffith, Gareth W., Gritsuk, Anna A., Gross, Andrin, Grudd, Hkan, Halme, Panu, Hanna, Rachid, Hansen, Jannik, Hansen, Lars Holst, Hegbe, Apollon D. M. T., Hill, Sarah, Hogg, Ian D., Hultman, Jenni, Hyde, Kevin D., Hynson, Nicole A., Ivanova, Natalia, Karisto, Petteri, Kerdraon, Deirdre, Knorre, Anastasia, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Kurhinen, Juri, Kuzmina, Masha, Lecomte, Nicolas, Lecomte, Erin, Loaiza, Viviana, Lundin, Erik, Meire, Alexander, Mei, Armin, Miettinen, Otto, Monkhouse, Norman, Mortimer, Peter, Mller, Jrg, Nilsson, R. Henrik, Nonti, Puani Yannick C., Nordn, Jenni, Nordn, Bjrn, Norros, Veera, Paz, Claudia, Pellikka, Petri, Pereira, Danilo, Petch, Geoff

Issue&Volume: 2024-07-10

Abstract: Fungi are among the most diverse and ecologically important kingdoms in life. However, the distributional ranges of fungi remain largely unknown as do the ecological mechanisms that shape their distributions1,2. To provide an integrated view of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi, we implemented a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores3. The vast majority of operational taxonomic units were detected within only one climatic zone, and the spatiotemporal patterns of species richness and community composition were mostly explained by annual mean air temperature. Tropical regions hosted the highest fungal diversity except for lichenized, ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, which reached their peak diversity in temperate regions. The sensitivity in climatic responses was associated with phylogenetic relatedness, suggesting that large-scale distributions of some fungal groups are partially constrained by their ancestral niche. There was a strong phylogenetic signal in seasonal sensitivity, suggesting that some groups of fungi have retained their ancestral trait of sporulating for only a short period. Overall, our results show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude. Our study reports patterns resembling those described for other major groups of organisms, thus making a major contribution to the long-standing debate on whether organisms with a microbial lifestyle follow the global biodiversity paradigms known for macroorganisms4,5.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07658-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07658-9