广州医科大学董骥等合作取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们发现复合素-1能增强哺乳动物听觉通路中的超声神经传递。该研究于2024年6月4日发表于国际学术期刊《自然-遗传学》杂志上。

据介绍，与大型蝙蝠依赖发达的视觉不同，微型蝙蝠使用超声回声定位来导航和对猎物定位。

为了研究超声波感知，研究人员通过构建四个物种的参考基因组和单核图谱，比较了微型蝙蝠和巨型蝙蝠的听觉皮层。研究发现，帕拉巴蛋白（PV）⁺神经元表现出明显的跨物种差异，并能对超声波信号做出反应，而它们的缺失会严重影响小鼠听觉皮层对超声波的感知。

此外，巨蝠PV⁺神经元复合蛋白（CPLX1-CPLX4）表达水平低，其可促进神经递质的释放；而微型蝙蝠PV⁺神经元高表达CPLX1，可提高神经递质的传递效率。进一步扰乱PV⁺神经元中的Cplx1会损害小鼠听觉皮层对超声波的感知。此外，CPLX1在微型蝙蝠听觉通路的其他部分也起作用，但在巨型蝙蝠中却不起作用，并且在回声定位小型蝙蝠和鲸鱼之间表现出趋同进化。总之，研究认为CPLX1在整个听觉通路中的表达可以增强哺乳动物的超声神经传递。

附：英文原文

Title: Complexin-1 enhances ultrasound neurotransmission in the mammalian auditory pathway

Author: Liu, Meiling, Wang, Changliang, Huo, Lifang, Cao, Jie, Mao, Xiuguang, He, Ziqing, Hu, Chuanxia, Sun, Haijian, Deng, Wenjun, He, Weiya, Chen, Yifu, Gu, Meifeng, Liao, Jiayu, Guo, Ning, He, Xiangyang, Wu, Qian, Chen, Jiekai, Zhang, Libiao, Wang, Xiaoqun, Shang, Congping, Dong, Ji

Issue&Volume: 2024-06-04

Abstract: Unlike megabats, which rely on well-developed vision, microbats use ultrasonic echolocation to navigate and locate prey. To study ultrasound perception, here we compared the auditory cortices of microbats and megabats by constructing reference genomes and single-nucleus atlases for four species. We found that parvalbumin (PV)+ neurons exhibited evident cross-species differences and could respond to ultrasound signals, whereas their silencing severely affected ultrasound perception in the mouse auditory cortex. Moreover, megabat PV+ neurons expressed low levels of complexins (CPLX1–CPLX4), which can facilitate neurotransmitter release, while microbat PV+ neurons highly expressed CPLX1, which improves neurotransmission efficiency. Further perturbation of Cplx1 in PV+ neurons impaired ultrasound perception in the mouse auditory cortex. In addition, CPLX1 functioned in other parts of the auditory pathway in microbats but not megabats and exhibited convergent evolution between echolocating microbats and whales. Altogether, we conclude that CPLX1 expression throughout the entire auditory pathway can enhance mammalian ultrasound neurotransmission.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01781-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01781-z