近日，印度科学研究所高能物理中心的Suchetan Das及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们对活动界面和二维黑洞进行研究。相关研究成果已于2024年5月30日在国际知名学术期刊《高能物理杂志》上发表。

在本文中，研究人员将此推广到动态界面的情况。根据活动镜面与黑洞之间的联系，他们选择了一个特定的动态界面剖面。研究表明，界面两侧的部分总能量会在界面处损失，即时间相关的界面能够积累或吸收能量。然而，通常界面遵循类时轨迹，通过调整剖面参数(β)的特定极限，界面可以渐近地趋近于零线(β→0)。在这个极限条件下，研究人员发现，对于特定边界条件，界面表现得类似半透膜——它在一侧起（部分）反射镜的作用，而在另一侧则表现（部分）透明。

他们还探讨了另一组共形边界条件，在零线极限下，界面模拟了视界的预期性质。在这一设定下，他们设计了一个散射实验，能量从一个共形场论(CFT)完全传输到另一个，而在另一个CFT中，能量既不会被传输也不会被反射，而是在界面中损失。这一边界条件也解释了为何能模拟霍金辐射的热能谱。这与黑洞的某些特性相似，其中视界扮演了单侧“膜”的角色，它积聚了所有内部自由度，并在量子涨落的影响下发出热辐射。基于这一发现，研究人员对虫洞类似物的一些看似合理的构造提出了见解。

据悉，共形场理论可以通过边界界面交换能量。对静态界面施加共形边界条件意味着界面处的能量守恒。近年来，人们通过在界面杂质处散射物质的方法，从二维角度研究了这种静态共形界面的反射和透射特性。

附：英文原文

Title: Moving interfaces and two-dimensional black holes

Author: Biswas, Parthajit, Das, Suchetan, Dinda, Anirban

Issue&Volume: 2024-05-30

Abstract: Conformal field theories can exchange energy through a boundary interface. Imposing conformal boundary conditions for static interfaces implies energy conservation at the interface. Recently, the reflective and transmittive properties of such static conformal interfaces have been studied in two dimensions by scattering matter at the interface impurity. In this note, we generalize this to the case of dynamic interfaces. Motivated by the connections between the moving mirror and the black hole, we choose a particular profile for the dynamical interface. We show that a part of the total energy of each side will be lost in the interface. In other words, a time-dependent interface can accumulate or absorb energy. While, in general, the interface follows a time-like trajectory, one can take a particular limit of a profile parameter(β), such that the interface approaches a null line asymptotically(β → 0). In this limit, we show that for a class of boundary conditions, the interface behaves like a semipermeable membrane - it behaves like a (partially) reflecting mirror from one side and is (partially) transparent from the other side. We also consider another set of conformal boundary conditions for which, in the null line limit, the interface mimics the properties expected of a horizon. In this case, we devise a scattering experiment, where (zero-point subtracted) energy from one CFT is fully transmitted to the other CFT, while from the other CFT, energy can neither be transmitted nor reflected, i.e., it gets lost in the interface. This boundary condition is also responsible for the thermal energy spectrum which mimics Hawking radiation. This is analogous to the black hole where the horizon plays the role of a one-sided ‘membrane’, which accumulates all the interior degrees of freedom and radiates thermally in the presence of quantum fluctuation. Stimulated by this observation, we comment on some plausible construction of wormhole analogues.

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2024)329

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP05(2024)329