英国诺里奇科研公园Simon Griffiths等研究人员合作利用陆地品种多样性促进小麦育种。相关论文于2024年6月17日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员通过全基因组重测序（827个沃特金斯小麦地方品种和208个现代栽培品种）和长达十年的深入田间评估，研究了全球主要谷物——面包小麦（Triticum aestivum）的沃特金斯地方品种的遗传和表型多样性。研究人员发现，现代栽培品种仅源于小麦七个祖先群体中的两个，并保持了非常长的单倍型完整性。其余五个组代表了尚未开发的遗传源，为育种提供了陆地小麦特有的等位基因和单倍型。基于单倍型的连锁不平衡（LD）和关联遗传学分析，将沃特金斯基因组与数千个高分辨率数量性状位点（QTL）联系起来，并确定了重要的标记-性状关联。

利用这些结构化的种质、基因分型和信息资源，研究人员发现了许多沃特金斯特有的有益单倍型，它们可以赋予现代小麦优良的性状。此外，研究人员还评估了44338个沃特金斯独特单倍型的表型效应，这些单倍型是从现代栽培品种的143个优先QTL中导入的，弥补了地方品种多样性与当前育种之间的差距。这项研究为在作物改良中系统地利用遗传多样性，以实现可持续粮食安全建立了一个框架。

附：英文原文

Title: Harnessing landrace diversity empowers wheat breeding

Author: Cheng, Shifeng, Feng, Cong, Wingen, Luzie U., Cheng, Hong, Riche, Andrew B., Jiang, Mei, Leverington-Waite, Michelle, Huang, Zejian, Collier, Sarah, Orford, Simon, Wang, Xiaoming, Awal, Rajani, Barker, Gary, OHara, Tom, Lister, Clare, Siluveru, Ajay, Quiroz-Chvez, Jess, Ramrez-Gonzlez, Ricardo H., Bryant, Ruth, Berry, Simon, Bansal, Urmil, Bariana, Harbans S., Bennett, Malcolm J., Bicego, Breno, Bilham, Lorelei, Brown, James K. M., Burridge, Amanda, Burt, Chris, Buurman, Milika, Castle, March, Chartrain, Laetitia, Chen, Baizhi, Denbel, Worku, Elkot, Ahmed F., Fenwick, Paul, Feuerhelm, David, Foulkes, John, Gaju, Oorbessy, Gauley, Adam, Gaurav, Kumar, Hafeez, Amber N., Han, Ruirui, Horler, Richard, Hou, Junliang, Iqbal, Muhammad S., Kerton, Matthew, Kondic-Spica, Ankica, Kowalski, Ania, Lage, Jacob, Li, Xiaolong, Liu, Hongbing, Liu, Shiyan, Lovegrove, Alison, Ma, Lingling, Mumford, Cathy, Parmar, Saroj, Philp, Charlie, Playford, Darryl, Przewieslik-Allen, Alexandra M., Sarfraz, Zareen, Schafer, David, Shewry, Peter R., Shi, Yan, Slafer, Gustavo, Song, Baoxing, Song, Bo, Steele, David, Steuernagel, Burkhard, Tailby, Phillip, Tyrrell, Simon, Waheed, Abdul, Wamalwa, Mercy N., Wang, Xingwei

Issue&Volume: 2024-06-17

Abstract: Harnessing genetic diversity in major staple crops through the development of new breeding capabilities is essential to ensure food security1. Here we examined the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the A.E. Watkins landrace collection2 of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), a major global cereal, through whole-genome re-sequencing (827 Watkins landraces and 208 modern cultivars) and in-depth field evaluation spanning a decade. We discovered that modern cultivars are derived from just two of the seven ancestral groups of wheat and maintain very long-range haplotype integrity. The remaining five groups represent untapped genetic sources, providing access to landrace-specific alleles and haplotypes for breeding. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) based haplotypes and association genetics analyses link Watkins genomes to the thousands of high-resolution quantitative trait loci (QTL), and significant marker–trait associations identified. Using these structured germplasm, genotyping and informatics resources, we revealed many Watkins-unique beneficial haplotypes that can confer superior traits in modern wheat. Furthermore, we assessed the phenotypic effects of 44,338 Watkins-unique haplotypes, introgressed from 143 prioritised QTL in the context of modern cultivars, bridging the gap between landrace diversity and current breeding. This study establishes a framework for systematically utilising genetic diversity in crop improvement to achieve sustainable food security.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07682-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07682-9