美国威尔康奈尔医学中心Christopher E. Mason等研究人员合作报道空间组学与医学图谱（SOMA）以及国际宇航员生物库。相关论文于2024年6月11日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员报道了太空组学和医学图谱（SOMA），这是一个集成数据和样本库，包含来自不同任务的临床、细胞和多组学研究资料，包括NASA双胞胎研究、JAXA CFE研究、SpaceX灵感4号机组以及Axiom和Polaris。SOMA资源代表着可公开获得的人类太空组学数据增加了10倍以上，康奈尔航空航天医学生物库提供了匹配的样本。

该图谱包括广泛的分子和生理特征，涵盖基因组学、表观基因组学、转录物组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和微生物组数据集，揭示了不同任务中的一些一致特征，包括细胞因子转变、端粒延长和基因表达变化，以及任务特异性分子反应和与同源组织特异性鼠类数据集的链接。利用SOMA中的数据集、工具和资源，有助于加快精准航空航天医学的发展，为即将到来的月球、火星和探索级任务提供所需的健康监测、风险缓解和对策数据。

据了解，太空飞行会引起宇航员的分子、细胞和生理变化，并给人体带来无数的生物医学挑战，随着越来越多的人类进入太空，这些挑战也变得越来越重要。然而，目前的航天医学框架尚处于起步阶段，远远落后于地球上精准医学的发展，这凸显了快速开发航天医学数据库、工具和协议的必要性。

附：英文原文

Title: The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank

Author: Overbey, Eliah G., Kim, JangKeun, Tierney, Braden T., Park, Jiwoon, Houerbi, Nadia, Lucaci, Alexander G., Medina, Sebastian Garcia, Damle, Namita, Najjar, Deena, Grigorev, Kirill, Afshin, Evan E., Ryon, Krista A., Sienkiewicz, Karolina, Patras, Laura, Klotz, Remi, Ortiz, Veronica, MacKay, Matthew, Schweickart, Annalise, Chin, Christopher R., Sierra, Maria A., Valenzuela, Matias F., Dantas, Ezequiel, Nelson, Theodore M., Cekanaviciute, Egle, Deards, Gabriel, Foox, Jonathan, Narayanan, S. Anand, Schmidt, Caleb M., Schmidt, Michael A., Schmidt, Julian C., Mullane, Sean, Tigchelaar, Seth Stravers, Levitte, Steven, Westover, Craig, Bhattacharya, Chandrima, Lucotti, Serena, Hirschberg, Jeremy Wain, Proszynski, Jacqueline, Burke, Marissa, Kleinman, Ashley, Butler, Daniel J., Loy, Conor, Mzava, Omary, Lenz, Joan, Paul, Doru, Mozsary, Christopher, Sanders, Lauren M., Taylor, Lynn E., Patel, Chintan O., Khan, Sharib A., Suhail, Mir, Byhaqui, Syed G., Aslam, Burhan, Gajadhar, Aaron S., Williamson, Lucy, Tandel, Purvi, Yang, Qiu, Chu, Jessica, Benz, Ryan W., Siddiqui, Asim, Hornburg, Daniel, Blease, Kelly, Moreno, Juan, Boddicker, Andrew, Zhao, Junhua

Issue&Volume: 2024-06-11

Abstract: Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular, and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space1-6. Yet, current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools, and protocols. Here, we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular, and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study7, JAXA CFE study8,9, SpaceX Inspiration4 crew10-12, plus Axiom and Polaris. The SOMA resource represents a >10-fold increase in publicly available human space omics data, with matched samples available from the Cornell Aerospace Medicine Biobank. The Atlas includes extensive molecular and physiological profiles encompassing genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome data sets, which reveal some consistent features across missions, including cytokine shifts, telomere elongation, and gene expression changes, as well as mission-specific molecular responses and links to orthologous, tissue-specific murine data sets. Leveraging the datasets, tools, and resources in SOMA can help accelerate precision aerospace medicine, bringing needed health monitoring, risk mitigation, and countermeasures data for upcoming lunar, Mars, and exploration-class missions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07639-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07639-y