印度国际半干旱热带作物研究所Rajeev K. Varshney团队发现，鹰嘴豆超级泛基因组有助于深入了解鹰嘴豆的物种演化和农艺性状位点，从而改良鹰嘴豆作物。2024年5月23日，国际知名学术期刊《自然—遗传学》在线发表了这一成果。

研究人员基于8个一年生鹰嘴豆野生物种的全新基因组组装，提出了鹰嘴豆超级泛基因组。研究人员发现了24827个基因家族，包括14748个核心基因家族、2958个软核基因家族、6212个可丢弃基因家族和909个物种特异性基因家族。可废弃基因组富含与关键农艺性状相关的基因。

栽培基因组和野生基因组之间的结构变异被用来构建基于图谱的基因组，揭示了影响开花时间、春化和抗病性等性状的基因变异。这些变异将有助于通过标记辅助选择或基因编辑将有价值的性状从野生鹰嘴豆品种转移到优良鹰嘴豆品种中。这项研究为了解鹰嘴豆的遗传多样性和作物改良的潜在途径提供了宝贵的见解。

研究人员表示，鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）是一种在干旱和半干旱地区种植的重要豆科作物，其遗传多样性有限。人们正努力利用其野生近缘种来扩大其多样性，但这些野生近缘种在很大程度上仍未被开发。

附：英文原文

Title: Cicer super-pangenome provides insights into species evolution and agronomic trait loci for crop improvement in chickpea

Author: Khan, Aamir W., Garg, Vanika, Sun, Shuai, Gupta, Saurabh, Dudchenko, Olga, Roorkiwal, Manish, Chitikineni, Annapurna, Bayer, Philipp E., Shi, Chengcheng, Upadhyaya, Hari D., Bohra, Abhishek, Bharadwaj, Chellapilla, Mir, Reyazul Rouf, Baruch, Kobi, Yang, Bicheng, Coyne, Clarice J., Bansal, Kailash C., Nguyen, Henry T., Ronen, Gil, Aiden, Erez Lieberman, Veneklaas, Erik, Siddique, Kadambot H. M., Liu, Xin, Edwards, David, Varshney, Rajeev K.

Issue&Volume: 2024-05-23

Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)—an important legume crop cultivated in arid and semiarid regions—has limited genetic diversity. Efforts are being undertaken to broaden its diversity by utilizing its wild relatives, which remain largely unexplored. Here, we present the Cicer super-pangenome based on the de novo genome assemblies of eight annual Cicer wild species. We identified 24,827 gene families, including 14,748 core, 2,958 softcore, 6,212 dispensable and 909 species-specific gene families. The dispensable genome was enriched for genes related to key agronomic traits. Structural variations between cultivated and wild genomes were used to construct a graph-based genome, revealing variations in genes affecting traits such as flowering time, vernalization and disease resistance. These variations will facilitate the transfer of valuable traits from wild Cicer species into elite chickpea varieties through marker-assisted selection or gene-editing. This study offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity and potential avenues for crop improvement in chickpea.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01760-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01760-4