近日，美国国家标准与技术研究院/马里兰大学的Victor V.Albert及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们提出量子球码。相关研究成果已于2024年5月15日在国际知名学术期刊《自然—物理学》上发表。

该研究团队引入一个框架来构造定义在球体上的量子编码，他们通过将这些编码重塑为经典球码的量子对应物，实现了这一目标。研究人员将此框架成功应用于玻色子编码，并开发出了猫码的多模扩展版本，其性能优于先前的结构，但成本开销相近。这些基于多面体的猫码由间距较大的点集构成，同时形成了一种被称为球形设计的平均集。此外，研究人员还将Calderbank–Shor–Steane码与猫码进行串联，转换为量子球码，从而建立了一种能够自动抵御退相噪声的保护机制。

据悉，与经典计算机一样，量子计算机需要纠错方案来可靠地执行有用的大规模计算。错误的性质和频率取决于量子计算平台，尽管量子比特编码的文献浩如烟海，但这些研究成果往往无法直接应用于光子谐振器等玻色子系统中的信息存储设备。

附：英文原文

Title: Quantum spherical codes

Author: Jain, Shubham P., Iosue, Joseph T., Barg, Alexander, Albert, Victor V.

Issue&Volume: 2024-05-15

Abstract: As with classical computers, quantum computers require error-correction schemes to reliably perform useful large-scale calculations. The nature and frequency of errors depends on the quantum computing platform, and although there is a large literature on qubit-based coding, these are often not directly applicable to devices that store information in bosonic systems such as photonic resonators. Here, we introduce a framework for constructing quantum codes defined on spheres by recasting such codes as quantum analogues of the classical spherical codes. We apply this framework to bosonic coding, and we obtain multimode extensions of the cat codes that can outperform previous constructions but require a similar type of overhead. Our polytope-based cat codes consist of sets of points with large separation that, at the same time, form averaging sets known as spherical designs. We also recast concatenations of Calderbank–Shor–Steane codes with cat codes as quantum spherical codes, which establishes a method to autonomously protect against dephasing noise.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02496-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02496-y