据介绍，充分了解人类大脑是如何工作的机理，需要高分辨率的大脑结构知识储备。
研究人员对一立方毫米的人类颞叶皮层的超微结构进行了计算密集型重建，该皮层通过手术切除，以进入潜在的癫痫灶。它包含约57000个细胞、约230毫米的血管和约1.5亿个突触，包括1.4 pb。这一分析表明，神经胶质细胞的数量是神经元的2倍多，少突胶质细胞是最常见的细胞，深层兴奋性神经元可以根据树突方向进行分类，在每个神经元的数千个弱连接中，存在罕见的高达50个突触的强大轴突输入。
总之，利用这一资源进行的进一步研究可能会为人类大脑的奥秘带来有价值的见解。
附：英文原文
Title: A petavoxel fragment of human cerebral cortex reconstructed at nanoscale resolution
Author: Alexander Shapson-Coe, Micha Januszewski, Daniel R. Berger, Art Pope, Yuelong Wu, Tim Blakely, Richard L. Schalek, Peter H. Li, Shuohong Wang, Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, Neha Karlupia, Sven Dorkenwald, Evelina Sjostedt, Laramie Leavitt, Dongil Lee, Jakob Troidl, Forrest Collman, Luke Bailey, Angerica Fitzmaurice, Rohin Kar, Benjamin Field, Hank Wu, Julian Wagner-Carena, David Aley, Joanna Lau, Zudi Lin, Donglai Wei, Hanspeter Pfister, Adi Peleg, Viren Jain, Jeff W. Lichtman
Issue&Volume: 2024-05-10
Abstract: To fully understand how the human brain works, knowledge of its structure at high resolution is needed. Presented here is a computationally intensive reconstruction of the ultrastructure of a cubic millimeter of human temporal cortex that was surgically removed to gain access to an underlying epileptic focus. It contains about 57,000 cells, about 230 millimeters of blood vessels, and about 150 million synapses and comprises 1.4 petabytes. Our analysis showed that glia outnumber neurons 2:1, oligodendrocytes were the most common cell, deep layer excitatory neurons could be classified on the basis of dendritic orientation, and among thousands of weak connections to each neuron, there exist rare powerful axonal inputs of up to 50 synapses. Further studies using this resource may bring valuable insights into the mysteries of the human brain.
DOI: adk4858
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk4858