基因组分析揭示出菜花块状花序生物发生的驯化过程和遗传机制，这一成果由天津农业科学院Deling Sun和中国农业大学Tao Lin团队合作经过不懈努力而取得。该研究成果于2024年5月7日发表在国际学术期刊《自然-遗传学》上。

研究人员展示了高质量的C-8（V2）参考基因组和由971个菜花及其近缘物种组成的综合基因组变异图谱。通过基因组选择分析和差异深度挖掘，研究人员揭示了菜花由最初西兰花逐步驯化的过程（花序萌发和花序改良），揭示了三个MADS-box基因，即CAULIFLOWER1 (CAL1)、CAL2和FRUITFULL (FUL2)，在花序形成过程中可能发挥至关重要的作用。

全基因组关联研究发现了九个与形态和生物学特征显著相关的基因位点，并证明锌指蛋白（BOB06G135460）对花菜的茎高具有正向调节作用。这项研究提供了宝贵的基因组资源，有助于更好地了解作物花序生物发生和花叶发育的遗传基础。

研究人员表示，菜花（Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis）是一种独特的蔬菜，为人类提供了营养丰富的可食用花序分生组织。然而，未对其选择性育种的遗传学基础进行广泛研究。

附：英文原文

Title: Genomic analyses reveal the stepwise domestication and genetic mechanism of curd biogenesis in cauliflower

Author: Chen, Rui, Chen, Ke, Yao, Xingwei, Zhang, Xiaoli, Yang, Yingxia, Su, Xiao, Lyu, Mingjie, Wang, Qian, Zhang, Guan, Wang, Mengmeng, Li, Yanhao, Duan, Lijin, Xie, Tianyu, Li, Haichao, Yang, Yuyao, Zhang, Hong, Guo, Yutong, Jia, Guiying, Ge, Xianhong, Sarris, Panagiotis F., Lin, Tao, Sun, Deling

Issue&Volume: 2024-05-07

Abstract: Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) is a distinctive vegetable that supplies a nutrient-rich edible inflorescence meristem for the human diet. However, the genomic bases of its selective breeding have not been studied extensively. Herein, we present a high-quality reference genome assembly C-8 (V2) and a comprehensive genomic variation map consisting of 971 diverse accessions of cauliflower and its relatives. Genomic selection analysis and deep-mined divergences were used to explore a stepwise domestication process for cauliflower that initially evolved from broccoli (Curd-emergence and Curd-improvement), revealing that three MADS-box genes, CAULIFLOWER1 (CAL1), CAL2 and FRUITFULL (FUL2), could have essential roles during curd formation. Genome-wide association studies identified nine loci significantly associated with morphological and biological characters and demonstrated that a zinc-finger protein (BOB06G135460) positively regulates stem height in cauliflower. This study offers valuable genomic resources for better understanding the genetic bases of curd biogenesis and florescent development in crops.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01744-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01744-4