中国农业大学Weibin Song团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们通过研究分析杂草和栽培高粱品种的基因组变异，揭示了农艺性状的遗传结构。相关研究成果2024年4月24日在线发表于《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

据介绍，大规模基因组变异是作物遗传育种的基础资源。

研究人员对1904个高粱基因组进行了平均40×测序深度的测序，并构建了杂草和栽培品种的综合变异图。作为最古老的栽培作物之一，高粱的核苷酸多样性极低，连锁不平衡衰减极快。全基因组关联研究确定了12个农艺性状的186个位点。许多致病候选基因，如决定粒径的PmGW8和决定穗形的PmLG1，在驯化过程中表现出强烈的选择特征。杂草品种含有许多有益的谷物性状变异，而这些变异在栽培品种中基本上消失了。杂草和栽培的高粱采用不同的位点控制开花时间，平行进行区域适应。

总之，这一研究揭示了高粱独特的群体基因组特征，为谷类作物提供了重要的农业资源。

附：英文原文

Title: Genomic variation in weedy and cultivated broomcorn millet accessions uncovers the genetic architecture of agronomic traits

Author: Lu, Qiong, Zhao, Hainan, Zhang, Zhengquan, Bai, Yuhe, Zhao, Haiming, Liu, Guoqing, Liu, Minxuan, Zheng, Yunxiao, Zhao, Haiyue, Gong, Huihui, Chen, Lingwei, Deng, Xizhen, Hong, Xiangde, Liu, Tianxiang, Li, Baichuan, Lu, Ping, Wen, Feng, Wang, Lun, Li, Zhijiang, Li, Hai, Li, Haiquan, Zhang, Like, Ma, Wenhui, Liu, Chunqing, Bai, Yan, Xin, Beibei, Chen, Jian, E., Lizhu, Lai, Jinsheng, Song, Weibin

Issue&Volume: 2024-04-24

Abstract: Large-scale genomic variations are fundamental resources for crop genetics and breeding. Here we sequenced 1,904 genomes of broomcorn millet to an average of 40× sequencing depth and constructed a comprehensive variation map of weedy and cultivated accessions. Being one of the oldest cultivated crops, broomcorn millet has extremely low nucleotide diversity and remarkably rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium. Genome-wide association studies identified 186 loci for 12 agronomic traits. Many causative candidate genes, such as PmGW8 for grain size and PmLG1 for panicle shape, showed strong selection signatures during domestication. Weedy accessions contained many beneficial variations for the grain traits that are largely lost in cultivated accessions. Weedy and cultivated broomcorn millet have adopted different loci controlling flowering time for regional adaptation in parallel. Our study uncovers the unique population genomic features of broomcorn millet and provides an agronomically important resource for cereal crops. A comprehensive variation map constructed by deep sequencing 1,904 accessions of weedy and cultivated broomcorn millet sheds light on the genetic architecture of agronomic traits during domestication.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01718-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01718-6