近日，丹麦哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所的Peter Lodahl及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们利用确定性单光子源实现量子优势的硬件要求。相关研究成果已于2024年4月8日在国际知名学术期刊《物理评论A》上发表。

该研究团队分析并详细说明了使用确定性量子发射器(一个有前途的光子量子计算平台)，达到量子优势所需的硬件要求。研究人员阐明了在实验中可以采取的关键步骤，以克服实际限制并建立定量的硬件级要求。

研究人员发现，通过使用效率为60%～70%的量子发射器和根据混合模式编码架构构建的干涉仪，可以实现量子优势，其中每个马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的插入损耗为0.0035dB（透射率为99.92%）。

据悉，玻色子采样是量子光子平台特有的一种算法，旨在近期内展现量子计算机相对于经典计算机的优势。尽管目前尚不清楚这种短期容错设备的具体实用应用，但实现量子优势状态可以作为衡量硬件性能的有益基准。

附：英文原文

Title: Hardware requirements for realizing a quantum advantage with deterministic single-photon sources

Author: Patrik I. Sund, Ravitej Uppu, Stefano Paesani, Peter Lodahl

Issue&Volume: 2024/04/08

Abstract: Boson sampling is a specialized algorithm native to the quantum photonic platform developed for near-term demonstrations of quantum advantage over classical computers. While clear useful applications for such near-term pre-fault-tolerance devices are not currently known, reaching a quantum advantage regime serves as a useful benchmark for the hardware. Here, we analyze and detail hardware requirements needed to reach quantum advantage with deterministic quantum emitters, a promising platform for photonic quantum computing. We elucidate key steps that can be taken in experiments to overcome practical constraints and establish quantitative hardware-level requirements. We find that quantum advantage is within reach using quantum emitters with an efficiency of 60%–70% and interferometers constructed according to a hybrid-mode-encoding architecture, constituted of Mach-Zehnder interferometers with an insertion loss of 0.0035dB (a transmittance of 99.92%) per component.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042613

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042613