中国科学院昆明植物所李德铢团队发现，11种竹子的基因组组装突显动态亚基因组优势诱导的多样化。相关论文于2024年3月15日在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然—遗传学》。

研究人员展示了对竹子系统（Poaceae: Bambusoideae）的分析，包括从二倍体（草本）到四倍体和六倍体（木本）的一系列品系，其中有11个染色体水平的全新基因组组装和476个转录组样本。研究人员发现，木竹亚基因组表现出惊人的核型稳定性，在两个四倍体支系中，亚基因组占优势，而在六倍体支系中，优势逐渐转移。

异源多倍体化和亚基因组优势形成了木竹作为大型禾本科植物特有的树状木质化茎秆、快速生长和同步开花的演化过程。这项研究深入了解了一个非凡的多倍体系统中的基因组优势，包括其对基因组环境的依赖性以及随着进化时间的推移切换哪个亚基因组占优势的能力。

据了解，多倍体（基因组复制）是演化的关键力量。然而，人们对多倍体细胞核中亲本基因组之间的相互作用还知之甚少，这种相互作用经常涉及亚基因组的优势。

附：英文原文

Title: Genome assemblies of 11 bamboo species highlight diversification induced by dynamic subgenome dominance

Author: Ma, Peng-Fei, Liu, Yun-Long, Guo, Cen, Jin, Guihua, Guo, Zhen-Hua, Mao, Ling, Yang, Yi-Zhou, Niu, Liang-Zhong, Wang, Yu-Jiao, Clark, Lynn G., Kellogg, Elizabeth A., Xu, Zu-Chang, Ye, Xia-Ying, Liu, Jing-Xia, Zhou, Meng-Yuan, Luo, Yan, Yang, Yang, Soltis, Douglas E., Bennetzen, Jeffrey L., Soltis, Pamela S., Li, De-Zhu

Issue&Volume: 2024-03-15

Abstract: Polyploidy (genome duplication) is a pivotal force in evolution. However, the interactions between parental genomes in a polyploid nucleus, frequently involving subgenome dominance, are poorly understood. Here we showcase analyses of a bamboo system (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) comprising a series of lineages from diploid (herbaceous) to tetraploid and hexaploid (woody), with 11 chromosome-level de novo genome assemblies and 476 transcriptome samples. We find that woody bamboo subgenomes exhibit stunning karyotype stability, with parallel subgenome dominance in the two tetraploid clades and a gradual shift of dominance in the hexaploid clade. Allopolyploidization and subgenome dominance have shaped the evolution of tree-like lignified culms, rapid growth and synchronous flowering characteristic of woody bamboos as large grasses. Our work provides insights into genome dominance in a remarkable polyploid system, including its dependence on genomic context and its ability to switch which subgenomes are dominant over evolutionary time.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01683-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01683-0