广东省农业科学院陈小平等研究人员合作发现，基因组变异图谱揭示中国花生的多样性及其与28个农艺性状的关系。2024年2月20日，《自然—遗传学》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员报告了基于390个花生品种的重测序绘制的全基因组变异图谱，表明花生可能是分别引入中国南方和北方，形成了两个种植中心。选择性扫描分析凸显了花生改良过程中两个亚基因组之间的不对称选择。来自华南的经典谱系为研究人工选择对花生基因组的影响提供了背景。全基因组关联研究发现了22309个与28个农艺性状有显著关联的基因，包括植物结构和油脂生物合成的候选基因。

这些研究结果揭示了花生在中国的迁移和多样性，并为花生改良提供了宝贵的基因组资源。

据悉，花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）是一种重要的异源四倍体油料和粮食豆类作物。中国是世界上最大的花生生产国和消费国之一。然而，中国花生迁移和分化背后的基因组变异仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: A genomic variation map provides insights into peanut diversity in China and associations with 28 agronomic traits

Author: Lu, Qing, Huang, Lu, Liu, Hao, Garg, Vanika, Gangurde, Sunil S., Li, Haifen, Chitikineni, Annapurna, Guo, Dandan, Pandey, Manish K., Li, Shaoxiong, Liu, Haiyan, Wang, Runfeng, Deng, Quanqing, Du, Puxuan, Varshney, Rajeev K., Liang, Xuanqiang, Hong, Yanbin, Chen, Xiaoping

Issue&Volume: 2024-02-20

Abstract: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important allotetraploid oil and food legume crop. China is one of the world’s largest peanut producers and consumers. However, genomic variations underlying the migration and divergence of peanuts in China remain unclear. Here we reported a genome-wide variation map based on the resequencing of 390 peanut accessions, suggesting that peanuts might have been introduced into southern and northern China separately, forming two cultivation centers. Selective sweep analysis highlights asymmetric selection between the two subgenomes during peanut improvement. A classical pedigree from South China offers a context for the examination of the impact of artificial selection on peanut genome. Genome-wide association studies identified 22,309 significant associations with 28 agronomic traits, including candidate genes for plant architecture and oil biosynthesis. Our findings shed light on peanut migration and diversity in China and provide valuable genomic resources for peanut improvement.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01660-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01660-7