英国曼彻斯特大学Franciska T. de Vries研究小组报道，土壤微生物组对极端事件表现出一致和可预测的反应。2024年11月27日出版的《自然》发表了这项成果。

据了解，越来越多的极端气候事件威胁着陆地生态系统的功能。由于土壤微生物控制着关键的生物地球化学过程，因此了解它们对极端气候的反应，对于预测生态系统功能的后果至关重要。

该课题组以30个欧洲草原为研究对象，在共同控制条件下（干旱、洪水、冰冻和高温）对比极端气候事件，并将土壤微生物群落及其功能的反应与未受干扰的土壤进行比较。土壤微生物组在施加的极端事件下，表现出较小但高度一致和系统发育保守的响应。

热处理对土壤微生物组的影响最大，增强了休眠和产孢基因，降低了代谢多样性。微生物组对热的反应尤其可以通过当地的气候条件和土壤特性来预测，通常不经历极端条件的土壤是最脆弱的。

他们的研究结果表明，来自不同气候的土壤微生物组对极端气候事件有统一的反应，但是预测群落变化的程度可能需要了解当地的微生物组。这些发现促进了他们对土壤微生物对极端事件的反应的理解，并为预测极端气候事件对土壤功能的影响迈出了第一步。

附：英文原文

Title: Soil microbiomes show consistent and predictable responses to extreme events

Author: Knight, Christopher G., Nicolitch, Ocane, Griffiths, Rob I., Goodall, Tim, Jones, Briony, Weser, Carolin, Langridge, Holly, Davison, John, Dellavalle, Ariane, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., Hector, Andrew, Jardine, Emma, Kardol, Paul, Maestre, Fernando T., Schdler, Martin, Semchenko, Marina, Stevens, Carly, Tsiafouli, Maria ., Vilhelmsson, Oddur, Wanek, Wolfgang, de Vries, Franciska T.

Issue&Volume: 2024-11-27

Abstract: Increasing extreme climatic events threaten the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems1,2. Because soil microbes govern key biogeochemical processes, understanding their response to climate extremes is crucial in predicting the consequences for ecosystem functioning3,4. Here we subjected soils from 30grasslands across Europe to four contrasting extreme climatic events under common controlled conditions (drought, flood, freezing and heat), and compared the response of soil microbial communities and their functioning with those of undisturbed soils. Soil microbiomes exhibited a small, but highly consistent and phylogenetically conserved, response under the imposed extreme events. Heat treatment most strongly impacted soil microbiomes, enhancing dormancy and sporulation genes and decreasing metabolic versatility. Microbiome response to heat in particular could be predicted by local climatic conditions and soil properties, with soils that do not normally experience the extreme conditions being imposed being most vulnerable. Our results suggest that soil microbiomes from different climates share unified responses to extreme climatic events, but that predicting the extent of community change may require knowledge of the local microbiome. These findings advance our understanding of soil microbial responses to extreme events, and provide a first step for making general predictions about the impact of extreme climatic events on soil functioning.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08185-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08185-3