近日，美国哈佛大学的Markus Greiner及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们实现具有任意统计相位的一维任意子。相关研究成果已于2024年11月29日在国际权威学术期刊《科学》上发表。

在这项工作中，该研究团队利用光晶格中的超冷原子，在一维空间中实现具有任意交换统计性质的阿贝尔任意子，并通过密度依赖的皮尔斯相位来调控其统计相位。

他们研究了两个任意子进行量子行走时的动力学行为，观察到了任意子的汉伯里-布朗-特威斯效应以及无需在位相互作用即可形成的束缚态。

当引入相互作用后，研究人员观察到了与玻色子和费米子对称动力学截然不同的空间不对称传输现象。这项研究工作为探索一维任意子的多体行为奠定了基础。

据悉，低维量子系统可以容纳任意子，这些粒子具有既非玻色子亦非费米子的交换统计性质。然而，一维空间中任意子的物理特性在很大程度上仍有待探索。

附：英文原文

Title: Realization of one-dimensional anyons with arbitrary statistical phase

Author: Joyce Kwan, Perrin Segura, Yanfei Li, Sooshin Kim, Alexey V. Gorshkov, André Eckardt, Brice Bakkali-Hassani, Markus Greiner

Issue&Volume: 2024-11-29

Abstract: Low-dimensional quantum systems can host anyons, particles with exchange statistics that are neither bosonic nor fermionic. However, the physics of anyons in one dimension remains largely unexplored. In this work, we realize Abelian anyons in one dimension with arbitrary exchange statistics using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, where we engineer the statistical phase through a density-dependent Peierls phase. We explore the dynamical behavior of two anyons undergoing quantum walks and observe the anyonic Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect as well as the formation of bound states without on-site interactions. Once interactions are introduced, we observe spatially asymmetric transport in contrast to the symmetric dynamics of bosons and fermions. Our work forms the foundation for exploring the many-body behavior of one-dimensional anyons.

DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3252

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi3252