近日，美国俄克拉荷马大学的R. J. Lewis-Swan及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们揭示了无序和各向异性相互作用，对里德伯偶极子镊子阵列中相关弛豫动力学和传播的影响。相关研究成果已于2024年11月27日在国际知名学术期刊《物理评论A》上发表。

该研究团队从理论上研究了具有空间各向异性相互作用的、不规则的一维和二维里德伯（Rydberg）偶极子阵列的非平衡动力学。

从集体极化的初始状态出发，研究人员绘制了动力学相图，并发现初始集体有序态的正则弛豫与异常缓慢弛豫之间存在一个交叉区域，该交叉区域强烈依赖于相互作用的无序程度和各向异性程度。

此外，研究人员还发现，缓慢弛豫区域的特点在于相关性的传播速度低于弹道速度，即使在长时间内也仍然局限于短距离内。

为了解释这一发现，研究人员开发了一个基于解耦的相互作用偶极子簇的分析模型，该模型超越了先前的理论工作，使研究人员能够识别出多个弛豫时间尺度。这项研究结果对于自然具有无序偶极相互作用的，多种量子科学平台（包括极性分子、冷冻里德伯气体和氮空位中心）都具有重要意义。

附：英文原文

Title: Influence of disordered and anisotropic interactions on relaxation dynamics and propagation of correlations in tweezer arrays of Rydberg dipoles

Author: K. Mukherjee, G. W. Biedermann, R. J. Lewis-Swan

Issue&Volume: 2024/11/27

Abstract: We theoretically investigate the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of irregular one- and two-dimensional arrays of Rydberg dipoles featuring spatially anisotropic interactions. Starting from a collectively polarized initial state, we map out the dynamical phase diagram and identify a crossover between regimes of regular and anomalously slow relaxation of the initial collective order that strongly depends on both the degree of interaction disorder and anisotropy. In addition, we find that the regime of slow relaxation is characterized by a subballistic propagation of correlations that remained confined to short distances even at long times. To explain our findings we develop an analytic model based on decoupled clusters of interacting dipoles that goes beyond prior theoretical works and enables us to identify multiple relaxation timescales. Our findings can be relevant for a wide variety of quantum science platforms naturally featuring disordered dipolar interactions, including polar molecules, frozen Rydberg gases, and nitrogen-vacancy centers.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.110.053320

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.110.053320