英国布里斯托大学Schmidt Daniela N课题组发现，过去有孔虫的适应能力在未来变暖期间是有限的。2024年11月13日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。
据介绍，气候变化影响海洋生物，影响它们的迁移、生物量减少和灭绝。然而，海洋物种适应这些变化的能力在地质和人为的时间尺度上仍然很有限。
本文结合化石记录和基于全球特征的浮游生物模型，研究了海洋钙化浮游动物（有孔虫、根茎虫）的最佳温度随时间的变化。结果表明，在末次盛冰期末（LGM, 19-21），有刺有孔虫与藻类共生适应了去冰变暖，而无共生的有孔虫（非刺或有刺）保持了相同的热偏好并向两极迁移。
然而，当将基于特征的浮游生物模型置于未来一个世纪快速变暖情况时，该模型表明所有生态群的适应能力有限，不足以跟踪变暖速率。因此，预计到2100年，有孔虫将向极地迁移，相对于1900-1950年，它们的全球碳生物量将减少5.7-15.1%（取决于变暖程度）。他们的研究强调了人为和地质变暖，给海洋浮游生物及其生态系统功能带来的不同挑战。
附：英文原文
Title: Past foraminiferal acclimatization capacity is limited during future warming
Author: Ying, Rui, Monteiro, Fanny M., Wilson, Jamie D., dalen, Malin, Schmidt, Daniela N.
Issue&Volume: 2024-11-13
Abstract: Climate change affects marine organisms, causing migrations, biomass reduction and extinctions1,2. However, the abilities of marine species to adapt to these changes remain poorly constrained on both geological and anthropogenic timescales. Here we combine the fossil record and a global trait-based plankton model to study optimal temperatures of marine calcifying zooplankton (foraminifera, Rhizaria) through time. The results show that spinose foraminifera with algal symbionts acclimatized to deglacial warming at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19–21 thousand years ago, ka), whereas foraminifera without symbionts (non-spinose or spinose) kept the same thermal preference and migrated polewards. However, when forcing the trait-based plankton model with rapid transient warming over the coming century (1.5°C, 2°C, 3°C and 4°C relative to pre-industrial baseline), the model suggests that the acclimatization capacities of all ecogroups are limited and insufficient to track warming rates. Therefore, foraminifera are projected to migrate polewards and reduce their global carbon biomass by 5.7–15.1% (depending on the warming) by 2100 relative to 1900–1950. Our study highlights the different challenges posed by anthropogenic and geological warming for marine plankton and their ecosystem functions.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08029-0
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08029-0