据介绍，先天免疫系统影响大脑发育，并与神经发育疾病有关。定义相关的免疫细胞和信号及其对大脑回路的影响至关重要。
研究人员发现2型先天淋巴细胞（ILC2）及其细胞因子白细胞介素-13（IL-13）直接向抑制性中间神经元发出信号，以增加发育中小鼠大脑中的抑制性突触密度。ILC2在发育中的脑膜中扩增并产生IL-13。向中间神经元传递ILC2或IL-13信号的缺失会降低抑制性皮层突触，但不会降低兴奋性皮层突触。相反，ILC2和IL-13足以增加抑制性突触。这种信号通路的丧失导致了社交互动中的选择性损伤。
总之，这一研究定义了生命早期形成抑制性突触发育和行为的2型神经免疫回路。
附：英文原文
Title: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote inhibitory synapse development and social behavior
Author: Jerika J. Barron, Nicholas M. Mroz, Sunrae E. Taloma, Madelene W. Dahlgren, Jorge F. Ortiz-Carpena, Matthew G. Keefe, Caroline C. Escoubas, Leah C. Dorman, Ilia D. Vainchtein, Pailin Chiaranunt, Maya E. Kotas, Tomasz J. Nowakowski, Kevin J. Bender, Ari B. Molofsky, Anna V. Molofsky
Issue&Volume: 2024-11-01
Abstract: The innate immune system shapes brain development and is implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. It is critical to define the relevant immune cells and signals and their impact on brain circuits. In this work, we found that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and their cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaled directly to inhibitory interneurons to increase inhibitory synapse density in the developing mouse brain. ILC2s expanded and produced IL-13 in the developing brain meninges. Loss of ILC2s or IL-13 signaling to interneurons decreased inhibitory, but not excitatory, cortical synapses. Conversely, ILC2s and IL-13 were sufficient to increase inhibitory synapses. Loss of this signaling pathway led to selective impairments in social interaction. These data define a type 2 neuroimmune circuit in early life that shapes inhibitory synapse development and behavior.
DOI: adi1025
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi1025