近日，刚果民主共和国国家生物医学研究所Steve Ahuka-Mundeke等研究人员合作揭示，2018年至2024年刚果民主共和国I类mpox病毒基因组多样性。相关论文于2024年10月24日在线发表于国际学术期刊《细胞》。

据悉，最近的报告引发了对刚果民主共和国（DRC）mpox流行病学变化的担忧。

研究人员为337名来自14个省（共26个省）的患者生成了高质量基因组，以记录病例数量增加是否由于动物传播事件或病毒演化，并伴随有与人类适应相关的APOBEC3突变的富集。该研究强调了两种传播模式，这些模式为人类病例的来源做出了贡献。

来自东部南基伍省的所有新序列（n=17；4.8%）对应于最近描述的I类b型，与性接触和持续的人际传播相关。相比之下，所有其他基因组属于I类a型，与I类b型相比，具有较高的遗传多样性和较低的APOBEC3突变数，暗示多次动物传播引入。

城市地区多种I类变体的存在突显了协调国际应对努力的必要性，并需要对mpox的传播和宿主进行更多研究。

附：英文原文

Title: Clade I mpox virus genomic diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2024: Predominance of zoonotic transmission

Author: Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Adrienne Amuri-Aziza, Nicolas Fernandez-Nuez, Jean-Claude Makangara-Cigolo, Catherine Pratt, Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki, Nicole A. Hoff, Gradi Luakanda-Ndelemo, Prince Akil-Bandali, Sabin Sabiti Nundu, Noella Mulopo-Mukanya, Michel Ngimba, Brigitte Modadra-Madakpa, Ruth Diavita, Princesse Paku-Tshambu, Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu, Sydney Merritt, áine O’Toole, Nicola Low, Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye, Hugo Kavunga-Membo, Robert Shongo Lushima, Laurens Liesenborghs, Tony Wawina-Bokalanga, Koen Vercauteren, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka, Lorenzo Subissi, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Jason Kindrachuk, Ahidjo Ayouba, Andrew Rambaut, Eric Delaporte, Sofonias Tessema, Eric D’Ortenzio, Anne W.Rimoin, Lisa E.Hensley, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Martine Peeters, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke

Issue&Volume: 2024-10-24

Abstract: Recent reports raise concerns on the changing epidemiology of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). High-quality genomes were generated for 337 patients from 14/26 provinces to document whether the increase in number of cases is due to zoonotic spillover events or viral evolution, with enrichment of APOBEC3 mutations linked to human adaptation. Our study highlights two patterns of transmission contributing to the source of human cases. All new sequences from the eastern South Kivu province (n = 17; 4.8%) corresponded to the recently described clade Ib, associated with sexual contact and sustained human-to-human transmission. By contrast, all other genomes are clade Ia, which exhibits high genetic diversity with low numbers of APOBEC3 mutations compared with clade Ib, suggesting multiple zoonotic introductions. The presence of multiple clade I variants in urban areas highlights the need for coordinated international response efforts and more studies on the transmission and the reservoir of mpox.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.017

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)01199-1