近日，德国莱布尼茨波罗的海研究所
据悉，El Niño通常会在夏季引起西南太平洋的降温，从而使得海洋热浪的频率和严重程度降低。然而，2016年的极端El Niño事件，出人意料地与该地区有史以来最长、最广泛的海洋热浪同时发生。
研究显示，这次热浪的范围超过170万平方公里，持续24天，峰值强度为1.5°C，导致大规模的珊瑚白化和鱼类死亡。这种异常变暖是由于异常强烈的短波辐射，以及由于低风速和空气湿度增加而通过潜热通量减少的热损失造成的。这些异常现象是由一种罕见的组合事件，“Madden-Julian震荡和极端El Niño现象”造成的。
2016年2月10日之后，南太平洋有史以来最强烈的气旋使得本次海洋热浪快速消散。这一极端事件的危害和生态影响突出表明，有必要提高人们对海洋热浪驱动机制的理解，从而更好地进行季节性预测。
附：英文原文
Title: The massive 2016 marine heatwave in the Southwest Pacific: An “El Niño–Madden-Julian Oscillation” compound event
Author: Cyril Dutheil, Shilpa Lal, Matthieu Lengaigne, Sophie Cravatte, Christophe Menkès, Aurore Receveur, Florian Brgel, Matthias Grger, Fanny Houlbreque, Romain Le Gendre, Inès Mangolte, Alexandre Peltier, H. E. Markus Meier
Issue&Volume: 2024-10-09
Abstract: El Niño typically induces cooling in the Southwest Pacific Ocean during austral summers, usually leading to decreased marine heatwave frequency and severity. However, the 2016 extreme El Niño unexpectedly coincided with the longest and most extensive marine heatwave ever recorded in the region. This heatwave, spanning over 1.7 million square kilometers, persisting for 24 days with a peak intensity of 1.5°C, resulted in massive coral bleaching and fish mortality. This exceptional warming resulted from anomalously strong shortwave radiation and reduced heat loss via latent heat fluxes, owing to low wind speed and increased air humidity. These anomalies are attributed to a rare combined event “Madden-Julian Oscillation and extreme El Niño.” Following 10 February, the rapid dissipation of this marine heatwave results from the most intense cyclone ever recorded in the South Pacific. The hazardous ecological impacts of this extreme event highlight the needs for improving our understanding of marine heatwave–driving mechanisms that may result in better seasonal predictions.
DOI: adp2948
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adp2948