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无超光速信号的超光速隧穿时间与早期MacColl-Hartman效应的消失
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2023/5/28 22:42:23

近日,加拿大麦克马斯特大学的Randall S. Dumont与以色列魏茨曼科学研究学所的Tom Rivlin合作并取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力,他们探究了无超光速信号的超光速隧穿时间并发现了早期MacColl-Hartman效应的消失。相关研究成果已于2023年5月19日在国际知名学术期刊《物理评论A》上发表。

在这项研究中,为确保至少有一个粒子发生隧穿,研究人员考虑了发送足够多的平行且无粒子间相互作用的粒子。尽管单个隧穿粒子的平均时间提前,但相较于相同数量的自由光子,发送一比特信息的平均时间对于隧穿粒子而言更长。这消除了超光速信号的可能性。研究发现,使用N个粒子发送一比特信息的平均时间取决于单个粒子隧穿时间分布的早期尾部,并且当使用最速下降法对该早期尾部进行高度准确建模时,麦克科尔-哈特曼效应逐渐消失。

据悉,奇妙的量子隧穿现象,即麦克科尔-哈特曼(MacColl-Hartman)效应,使得粒子能够以超光速的有效速度穿越势垒。然而,由于隧穿现象的不确定性,任何试图利用该效应以超光速发送信号的尝试都需要发送大量粒子。

附:英文原文

Title: Superluminal tunneling times without superluminal signaling: Fading of the MacColl-Hartman effect at early times

Author: Randall S. Dumont, Tom Rivlin

Issue&Volume: 2023/05/19

Abstract: A curious feature of quantum tunneling known as the MacColl-Hartman effect results in the numerical observation that particles can traverse a barrier with effective superluminal speed. However, because tunneling is never certain, any attempt to use this effect to send a signal faster than light would require sending many particles. In this work, we consider sending—in parallel, without interactions between particles—sufficiently many particles to ensure at the least one of them tunnels. In this case, in spite of the time advance of the mean time for a single tunneling particle, the mean time to send one bit of information is larger for tunneling particles than for the same number of free photons. This removes any possibility of superluminal signaling. We show that the mean time to send one bit using N particles is determined by the early-time tail of the distribution of tunneling times for one particle and that, when this early-time tail is highly accurately modeled using steepest descent, the MacColl-Hartman effect is seen to fade away.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.107.052212

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.052212

期刊信息

Physical Review A:《物理评论A》,创刊于1970年。隶属于美国物理学会,最新IF:2.97
官方网址:https://journals.aps.org/pra/
投稿链接:https://authors.aps.org/Submissions/login/new