瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院Fluet-Chouinard Etienne课题组发现，在过去的三个世纪里，全球湿地大面积流失的结论。2023年2月8日，国际知名学术期刊《自然》发表了这一成果。

该课题组通过将国家和地方排水和转换记录与土地主题地图和模拟湿地范围相结合，重建1700年至2020年的七种人类土地利用主题的湿地损失的空间分布和时间。研究组估计，自1700年以来，340万km²(置信区间2.9-3.8)的内陆湿地已经消失，主要被转化为农田。全球湿地面积21%的净损失(置信区间为16-23%)低于先前通过不成比例地从高损失地区的数据外推得出的结果。

湿地损失主要集中在欧洲、美国和中国，并在20世纪中期迅速扩大。它们的重建阐明了全球湿地损失的时间和陆地主题驱动因素，为指导评估湿地损失对地球系统过程的影响、保护剩余湿地的保护规划和湿地恢复地点的优先排序提供了改进的历史基线。

据了解，长期以来，湿地因人类使用而被排干，从而严重影响着温室气体流量、洪水控制、营养循环和生物多样性。然而，全球自然湿地损失的程度仍然非常不确定。

附：英文原文

Title: Extensive global wetland loss over the past three centuries

Author: Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, Stocker, Benjamin D., Zhang, Zhen, Malhotra, Avni, Melton, Joe R., Poulter, Benjamin, Kaplan, Jed O., Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Siebert, Stefan, Minayeva, Tatiana, Hugelius, Gustaf, Joosten, Hans, Barthelmes, Alexandra, Prigent, Catherine, Aires, Filipe, Hoyt, Alison M., Davidson, Nick, Finlayson, C. Max, Lehner, Bernhard, Jackson, Robert B., McIntyre, Peter B.

Issue&Volume: 2023-02-08

Abstract: Wetlands have long been drained for human use, thereby strongly affecting greenhouse gas fluxes, flood control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity. Nevertheless, the global extent of natural wetland loss remains remarkably uncertain. Here, we reconstruct the spatial distribution and timing of wetland loss through conversion to seven human land uses between 1700 and 2020, by combining national and subnational records of drainage and conversion with land-use maps and simulated wetland extents. We estimate that 3.4millionkm2 (confidence interval 2.9–3.8) of inland wetlands have been lost since 1700, primarily for conversion to croplands. This net loss of 21% (confidence interval 16–23%) of global wetland area is lower than that suggested previously by extrapolations of data disproportionately from high-loss regions. Wetland loss has been concentrated in Europe, the United States and China, and rapidly expanded during the mid-twentieth century. Our reconstruction elucidates the timing and land-use drivers of global wetland losses, providing an improved historical baseline to guide assessment of wetland loss impact on Earth system processes, conservation planning to protect remaining wetlands and prioritization of sites for wetland restoration.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05572-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05572-6