近日，中国科学院南海海洋研究所王春在和张磊教授在研究大西洋尼诺及其对 ENSO 影响上取得新进展，他们的工作揭示了两类大西洋尼诺及其对 ENSO 影响的显著区别。
研究表明，这种明显的差异是由于存在两种类型的大西洋尼诺，它们具有不同的模式和气候影响，研究人员将其称之为中部型大西洋尼诺和东部型大西洋尼诺。研究结果显示，在同样的强度下，中部型大西洋尼诺对热带气候的影响比东部型强。与此同时，近几十年来，东部型大西洋尼诺已经减弱了约 50%，而中部型事件的强度保持相对稳定，这种变化使得中部型大西洋尼诺在 2000 年后开始显现，并主导了大西洋尼诺对 ENSO 的远程影响。
鉴于这两种类型对气候的影响不同，在未来的研究中有必要区分它们，并研究它们的行为和对气候的影响。
据介绍，大西洋尼诺的特点是赤道大西洋海面变暖，这可能引发拉尼娜事件（即，厄尔尼诺冷位相—南方涛动，ENSO）。尽管观测显示，自20世纪70年代以来，大西洋尼诺现象已经减弱了约 30%，但它对 ENSO 的远程影响仍然很大。
附：英文原文
Title: Emergence of the Central Atlantic Nino
Author: Lei Zhang, Chunzai Wang, Weiqing Han, Michael J. McPhaden, Aixue Hu, Wen Xing
Issue&Volume: 2023-10-25
Abstract: The Atlantic Nino is characterized by sea surface warming in the equatorial Atlantic, which can trigger La Nina, the cold phase of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Although observations show that the Atlantic Nino has weakened by approximately 30% since the 1970s, its remote influence on ENSO remains strong. Here, we show that this apparent discrepancy is due to the existence of two types of Atlantic Nino with distinct patterns and climatic impacts, which we refer to as the central and eastern Atlantic Nino. Our results show that with equal strength, the central Atlantic Nino has a stronger influence on tropical climate than its eastern counterpart. Meanwhile, the eastern Atlantic Nino has weakened by approximately 50% in recent decades, allowing the central Atlantic Nino to emerge and dominate the remote impact on ENSO. Given the distinct climatic impacts of the two types, it is necessary to distinguish between them and investigate their behaviors and influences on climate in future studies.
DOI: adi5507
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi5507