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单核糖体在神经元突起中偏好翻译突触mRNA
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2020/2/10 11:38:31

德国马普学会脑研究所Erin M. Schuman团队在研究中取得进展。他们的最新工作表明,单核糖体在神经元突起中偏好翻译突触mRNA。2020年1月31日出版的《科学》发表了这项成果。

研究人员使用多聚核糖体测序以及微解剖的啮齿动物突触区核糖体足迹法,揭示了与单核糖体选择性相关的大量树突和/或轴突转录本。此外,神经元单核糖体处于活跃性蛋白合成过程中。大多数mRNA在细胞体和神经突起中显示出相似的翻译状态,但某些转录本在隔室中表现出不同的核糖体占有率。倾向单核体的转录本通常编码高丰度的突触蛋白。因此,单核糖体翻译有助于局部神经元蛋白质组合成。
 
据了解,为了适应其复杂的形态,神经元将mRNA和核糖体定位在突触附近,从而在局部产生蛋白质。但是,在神经元突起的电子显微照片中观察到了相对较少的多聚核糖体(被认为是翻译的活跃位点),这表明局部蛋白质合成的能力有限。
 
附:英文原文

Title: Monosomes actively translate synaptic mRNAs in neuronal processes

Author: Anne Biever, Caspar Glock, Georgi Tushev, Elena Ciirdaeva, Tamas Dalmay, Julian D. Langer, Erin M. Schuman

Issue&Volume: 2020/01/31

Abstract: To accommodate their complex morphology, neurons localize messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and ribosomes near synapses to produce proteins locally. However, a relative paucity of polysomes (considered the active sites of translation) detected in electron micrographs of neuronal processes has suggested a limited capacity for local protein synthesis. In this study, we used polysome profiling together with ribosome footprinting of microdissected rodent synaptic regions to reveal a surprisingly high number of dendritic and/or axonal transcripts preferentially associated with monosomes (single ribosomes). Furthermore, the neuronal monosomes were in the process of active protein synthesis. Most mRNAs showed a similar translational status in the cell bodies and neurites, but some transcripts exhibited differential ribosome occupancy in the compartments. Monosome-preferring transcripts often encoded high-abundance synaptic proteins. Thus, monosome translation contributes to the local neuronal proteome.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aay4991

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6477/eaay4991

期刊信息
Science:《科学》,创刊于1880年。隶属于美国科学促进会,最新IF:41.037