美国德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心的Florencia McAllister研究组发现，肿瘤微生物组的多样性和组成影响胰腺癌的预后。这一研究成果发表在2019年8月9日出版的国际学术期刊《细胞》上。

研究人员剖析了肿瘤微生物组和免疫系统在影响长期生存方面的作用。使用16S rRNA基因测序，研究人员分析了短期存活（STS）和长期存活（LTS）的PDAC患者中的肿瘤微生物组成。研究人员在LTS患者的肿瘤微生物组中发现了更高的α-多样性，并且发现了肿瘤内微生物组特征（Pseudoxanthomonas-Streptomyces-Saccharopolyspora-Bacillus clausii），其在发现和验证队列中高度预测了长期存活。通过来自STS、LTS或对照组供体的人-小鼠粪便微生物组移植（FMT）实验，研究人员能够差异性地调节肿瘤微生物组并影响肿瘤生长以及肿瘤免疫浸润。这些研究表明，与肠道微生物组相互影响的PDAC微生物组成分会影响宿主的免疫反应和疾病的发展历程。

研究人员表示，大多数被诊断患有切除胰腺癌（PDAC）的患者存活不到5年，但是一小部分能够存活更长。

附：英文原文

Title: Tumor Microbiome Diversity and Composition Influence Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes

Author: Erick Riquelme, Yu Zhang, Liangliang Zhang, Robert Jenq, Jennifer Wargo, Florencia McAllister

Issue&Volume:Volume178 Issue 4

Abstract: Most patients diagnosed with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) survive less than 5 years, but a minor subset survives longer. Here, we dissect the role of the tumor microbiota and the immune system in influencing long-term survival. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the tumor microbiome composition in PDAC patients with short-term survival (STS) and long-term survival (LTS). We found higher alpha-diversity in the tumor microbiome of LTS patients and identified an intra-tumoral microbiome signature ( Pseudoxanthomonas- Streptomyces- Saccharopolyspora- Bacillus clausii) highly predictive of long-term survivorship in both discovery and validation cohorts. Through human-into-mice fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments from STS, LTS, or control donors, we were able to differentially modulate the tumor microbiome and affect tumor growth as well as tumor immune infiltration. Our study demonstrates that PDAC microbiome composition, which cross-talks to the gut microbiome, influences the host immune response and natural history of the disease.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.008

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30773-1