堪萨斯州立大学Guihua Bai小组的一项最新研究发现TaHRC的缺失突变使Fhb1对小麦枯萎病具有抗性。 相关论文于2019年7月发表在《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

研究认为，TaHRC，一个编码假定富含组氨酸钙结合蛋白的基因，是fhb1介导的FHB耐药的关键决定因素。研究人员证明了TaHRC编码了一种可以赋予小麦FHB易感性的核蛋白，而一段包含了该基因起始密码子的序列缺失则导致了FHB抗性。不同种质中TaHRC-R等位基因序列相同，表明Fhb1具有单一起源，系统发育和单倍型分析表明，TaHRC-R等位基因极有可能来自携带大红袍单倍型的一个系。这一发现为通过生物工程方法操控TaHRC序列，来提高小麦(可能还有其他谷类作物)的FHB抗性开辟了一条新途径。

镰刀菌头疫病(FHB)是一种危害全球小麦生产的破坏性小麦病害，主要由禾本科镰刀菌引起。Fhb1是在中国种质资源中发现的数量性状位点，对小麦的FHB抗性具有最稳定和最大的影响。

附：英文原文

Title: A deletion mutation in TaHRC confers Fhb1 resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat

Author: Zhenqi Su, Amy Bernardo, Bin Tian, Hui Chen, Shan Wang, Hongxiang Ma, Shibin Cai, Dongtao Liu, Dadong Zhang, Tao Li, Harold Trick, Paul St. Amand, Jianming Yu, Zengyan Zhang, Guihua Bai

Issue&Volume: Volume 51 Issue 7, July 2019

Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a destructive wheat disease that threatens global wheat production. Fhb1, a quantitative trait locus discovered in Chinese germplasm, provides the most stable and the largest effect on FHB resistance in wheat. Here we show that TaHRC, a gene that encodes a putative histidine-rich calcium-binding protein, is the key determinant of Fhb1-mediated resistance to FHB. We demonstrate that TaHRC encodes a nuclear protein conferring FHB susceptibility and that a deletion spanning the start codon of this gene results in FHB resistance. Identical sequences of the TaHRC-R allele in diverse accessions indicate that Fhb1 had a single origin, and phylogenetic and haplotype analyses suggest that the TaHRC-R allele most likely originated from a line carrying the Dahongpao haplotype. This discovery opens a new avenue to improve FHB resistance in wheat, and possibly in other cereal crops, by manipulating TaHRC sequence through bioengineering approaches.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0425-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0425-8