Nature, 1 January 2026, Volume 649, Issue 8095
《自然》2026年1月1日，第649卷，8095期
物理学Physics
A chiral fermionic valve driven by quantum geometry
由量子几何驱动的手性费米子阀
▲ 作者：Anvesh Dixit, Pranava K. Sivakumar, Kaustuv Manna, Claudia Felser & Stuart S. P. Parkin
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09864-5
▲摘要：
多类拓扑半金属在拓扑带交叉处具有相反手性的费米子。拓扑系统中的手性费米子输运通常依赖于强磁场或磁掺杂剂来抑制平凡输运，并造成相反陈数态占据数的不平衡。
研究组利用拓扑带的量子几何特性，通过手性将费米子滤入不同的陈数极化态。这实现了具有相反手性的费米子电流在实空间中分离，通过观察其在无外加磁场条件下的量子干涉，研究组证明了这一点。
由单晶PdGa制成的三臂构型器件表现出量子几何诱导的手性费米子异常速度，从而表现出非线性霍尔效应。由此产生的具有相反异常速度的横向手性电流在空间上被分离到器件的外臂中。这些在相反陈数态中的手性电流也带有相反符号的轨道磁化。这些手性电流的介观相位相干性促进了其在马赫-曾德干涉仪中的量子干涉。
该研究结果建立了一种手性费米子阀，具有三个关键特性：利用其量子几何结构将手性费米子按陈数极化态实现空间分离，实现可调谐的电流感应磁化，并为利用电流和磁场控制手性准粒子的量子干涉提供了一个平台。
▲ Abstract：
Multifold topological semimetals host fermions with opposite chiralities at topological band crossings. Chiral fermionic transport in topological systems often relies on high magnetic fields or magnetic dopants to suppress trivial transport and create an imbalance in occupancy of opposite Chern-number states. Here we use the quantum geometry of topological bands to filter fermions by chirality into distinct Chern-number-polarized states. This allows for the real-space separation of currents with opposite fermionic chiralities, which we have demonstrated by observing their quantum interference in the absence of any magnetic field. Devices fabricated from single-crystal PdGa in a three-arm geometry exhibit quantum-geometry-induced anomalous velocities of chiral fermions, thereby exhibiting a nonlinear Hall effect. The resultant transverse chiral currents with opposite anomalous velocities are thereby spatially separated into the outer arms of the device. These chiral currents in opposing Chern number states also carry orbital magnetizations with opposite signs. The mesoscopic phase coherence of these chiral currents facilitated their quantum interference in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Our findings establish a chiral fermionic valve that exhibits three key properties: spatially separates chiral fermions into Chern-number polarized states by using their quantum geometry, enables tuneable current-induced magnetization and provides a platform for controllable quantum interference of chiral quasiparticles using an electric current and magnetic field.
电子工程Electronic Engineering
Quantifying the global eco-footprint of wearable healthcare electronics
量化可穿戴医疗电子设备的全球生态足迹
▲ 作者：Chuanwang Yang, Bingzheng Wang, Ji Wan, Ananth Kamath, Fengqi You & Bozhi Tian
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09819-w
▲摘要：
可穿戴医疗电子设备在数字时代迅速崛起为一个独特的电子行业，提供了大量的经济机遇和重要的医疗效益。然而，人们对其与环境和社会系统的相互作用仍然知之甚少，导致关键的可持续性挑战尚未得到解决。尽管目前的研究主要集中在材料层面的改进，但更广泛的系统层面的动态机制仍有待探索。
研究组提出了一个基于全新生命周期清单和扩散关联尺度的集成系统工程框架，以量化全球生态足迹热点并确定有效的缓解策略。对代表性可穿戴医疗电子设备（血糖、心电和血压监测仪以及诊断成像设备）进行全生命周期分析，可生成全谱环境影响指标，确定每台设备的升温影响为1.1至6.1千克二氧化碳当量。
到2050年，全球设备消费量预计将增长42倍，每年接近20亿台，产生340万吨二氧化碳当量排放，同时伴随生态毒性和电子垃圾问题。与传统的可持续性发展多聚焦于塑料不同，这项工作表明，可回收或可生物降解塑料仅能提供边际效益，而替代关键金属导体和优化电路架构则可在不影响性能的情况下显著降低环境影响。
这一基于系统工程的全生命周期评估框架有望推动下一代可穿戴电子产品实现生态友好的创新。
▲ Abstract：
Wearable healthcare electronics are rapidly emerging as a distinct electronics sector in the digital era, offering substantial economic opportunities and crucial medical benefits. However, their interactions with environmental and social systems remain poorly understood, leaving critical sustainability challenges unaddressed. Although current efforts have focused on material-level improvements, broader system-level dynamics remain unexplored. Here we present an integrated systems engineering framework based on de novo life-cycle inventories and diffusion-linked scaling to quantify global eco-footprint hotspots and identify effective mitigation strategies. Cradle-to-grave analysis of representative wearable healthcare electronics (glucose, cardiac and blood pressure monitors and diagnostic imagers) generates full-spectrum environmental impact metrics, identifying warming impacts of 1.1–6.1?kg CO2-equivalent per device. The global device consumption is projected to increase 42-fold by 2050, approaching 2?billion units annually and generating 3.4?Mt CO2-equivalent emissions alongside ecotoxicity and e-waste issues. Contrary to the conventional sustainability emphasis on plastics, this work demonstrates that recyclable or biodegradable plastics offer only marginal benefits, whereas substituting critical-metal conductors and optimizing circuit architectures can significantly reduce impacts without compromising performance. This systems engineering-based life-cycle assessment framework holds promise for establishing ecologically responsible innovation in next-generation wearable electronics.
材料科学Materials Science
High-performance tandem perovskite LEDs through interlayer photon recycling
通过层间光子回收实现高性能叠层钙钛矿LEDs
▲ 作者：You Ke (柯友), Wei Zhu (祝维), Chao Ma (马超), Kuankuan Xiong (熊宽宽), Wang Liu (刘旺), Zhiyuan Kuang (匡致远), et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09865-4
▲摘要：
叠层发光二极管（LEDs）通过垂直堆叠多个单元串联来组合各发光元件的亮度，与单层器件相比可有效提高效率和寿命。特别是，叠层钙钛矿LED受益于钙钛矿的小斯托克斯位移，原则上可在各个钙钛矿层之间实现大量的光子回收，并增强陷光模式中的光提取。然而，如何构建能有效合并每个钙钛矿单元亮度的叠层结构，仍颇具挑战。
研究组通过结合两个溶液处理的钙钛矿发光单元展示了高效和稳定的叠层LED。这种叠层结构有效地结合了各发光单元的原始亮度。研究组认为，通过单个发光单元之间的光子回收可显著提升发光效率。
最终实现的叠层钙钛矿LED开启电压低至3.2 V，峰值外量子效率（EQE）高达45.5%（甚至比单层器件的峰值EQE总和高出20%），平均峰值EQE为40.9%，在70 W sr?1 m?2的初始亮度下半衰期为64 h。这些发现代表了通过钙钛矿LED堆叠实现高性能和多色LED的重要突破。
▲ Abstract：
Tandem light-emitting diodes (LEDs), achieved by vertically stacking several units in series to combine the luminance of individual light-emitting elements, are effective for improving efficiency and lifespan compared with single-unit devices. In particular, tandem perovskite LEDs benefit from the small Stokes shift of perovskites, which—in principle—can enable substantial photon recycling between individual perovskite layers and enhance light extraction from trapped modes. However, a tandem structure that effectively merges the luminance of each perovskite unit still remains a notable challenge. Here we demonstrate efficient and stable tandem LEDs by combining two solution-processed perovskite light-emitting units. This tandem structure effectively combines the original luminance of each light-emitting unit; we argue that the emissions are also substantially enhanced through photon recycling between the individual light-emitting units. Consequently, we achieve tandem perovskite LEDs with a low turn-on voltage of 3.2?V, a high peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 45.5% (even 20% higher than the sum of the peak EQEs of single-unit devices), an average peak EQE of 40.9% and a half-lifetime of 64?h at an initial radiance of 70?W?sr?1m?2. These findings represent a notable advancement in achieving high-performance and multicolour LEDs through the stacking of perovskite LEDs.
Flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with 33.6% efficiency
效率为33.6%的柔性钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳能电池
▲ 作者：Shibo Wang, Wenhao Li, Cao Yu, Wei Shi, Qian Kang, Fengxian Cao, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09849-4
▲摘要：
柔性太阳能电池在特定应用领域中具有变革性的潜力，但其在同时实现高功率转换效率（PCE）、极端机械弹性和运行稳定性方面面临着根本性的挑战。
研究组展示了一种经认证的效率为33.6%的柔性钙钛矿/晶体硅（c-Si）叠层太阳能电池，其开路电压（Voc）达到创纪录的2.015 V，可与刚性太阳能电池相媲美。
在17.6 mm弯曲半径（Rb）下，经过5000次循环后，该柔性叠层电池仍能保持91%的初始PCE，并表现出卓越的运行稳定性和湿热稳定性，在连续光照下，T80的使用寿命超过2000小时，经1000小时的湿热测试后仍能保持90%的初始PCE。
这一进展得益于反应性等离子体沉积（RPD）铈和氢共掺杂氧化铟（ICO:H）复合层的实现，该复合层促进了自组装单层（SAMs）的覆盖和界面电荷转移，以及原位退火的锌掺杂氧化铟（IZO）前透明电极，其光电性能和机械性能显著增强。
▲ Abstract：
Flexible solar cells have a transformative potential for niche applications, but they face fundamental challenges in simultaneously achieving high-power conversion efficiency (PCE), extreme mechanical resilience and operational stability. Here we demonstrate a certified 33.6%-efficient flexible perovskite/crystalline silicon (c-Si) tandem solar cell with a record open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.015?V, rivalling its rigid counterpart. The flexible tandem retains 91% of its initial PCE after 5,000 cycles under a bending radius (Rb) of 17.6?mm and demonstrates exceptional operational and damp-heat stability, featuring a T80 lifetime exceeding 2,000?h under continuous illumination and retaining 90% of its initial PCE after a 1,000?h damp-heat test. This advancement is enabled by the implementation of the reactive-plasma-deposited (RPD) cerium and hydrogen co-doped indium oxide (ICO:H) recombination layer that promotes self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) coverage and interfacial charge transfer, and in situ annealed zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO) front transparent electrode with markedly enhanced optoelectronic and mechanical properties.
化学Chemistry
Myriad aryne derivatives from carboxylic acids
基于羧酸制备众多芳炔衍生物
▲ 作者：Chris M. Seong, Sallu S. Kargbo, Chia-Ling Yu, Daniel Gibney, Jan-Niklas Boyn & Courtney C. Roberts
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09830-1
▲摘要：
稠密取代的芳香环在药品和农药中普遍存在。在芳香分子合成领域，芳炔中间体展现出可媲美大多数官能团的合成潜力，即易与亲核试剂反应、参与周环反应并激活惰性σ-键。尽管芳炔颇具潜力，但目前仅主要在特定领域有冷门应用，其未被广泛采用的原因在于合成方法不尽如人意。
研究组报道了一种芳炔前体的设计策略，以克服这一难以逾越的障碍。易得的羧酸可在一步衍生化反应中生成前体，随后通过蓝光或加热进行激活。这项研究合成了数十种先前未知的胺化芳炔（包括吡啶炔），为利用芳炔中间体发现药物开启了新途径。
研究组预见，该前体平台的未来发展有望获得更多的修饰芳炔，从而进一步拓展芳炔化学的应用范围。
▲ Abstract：
Densely substituted aromatic rings are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. For making aromatic molecules, aryne intermediates have synthetic potential that rivals most functional groups. They readily react with nucleophiles, participate in pericyclic reactions and activate inert σ-bonds. Despite their potential, arynes are used at present by a specialized community for mainly niche applications. The lack of widespread adoption of arynes is due to the undesirable means to generate them. Here we report the design of an aryne precursor to overcome this prohibitive barrier. Readily available carboxylic acids are derivatized in a single step to a make a precursor that is then activated by blue light or by heat. Dozens of previously unknown aminated arynes, including pyridynes, are generated in this work, opening the door to drug discovery using aryne intermediates. We foresee that future development of this precursor platform will allow even more decorated arynes to be accessed, further expanding the reach of aryne chemistry.
地球科学Earth Science
Emerging climate impact on carbon sinks in a consolidated carbon budget
新兴气候变化对综合碳预算中碳汇的影响
▲ 作者：Pierre Friedlingstein, Corinne Le Quéré, Michael O’Sullivan, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Ingrid T. Luijkx, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09802-5
▲摘要：
尽管《巴黎协定》已于10年前通过，但燃烧化石燃料产生的二氧化碳排放量仍在持续增加，将大气二氧化碳水平推高至2024年的423 ppm，并将人为引起的全球变暖推至1.36℃，距离突破1.5℃临界值仅剩几年时间。
准确核算人为和自然的二氧化碳源和汇是跟踪气候政策有效性和检测碳汇对气候变化响应的先决条件。然而，到目前为止，报告的排放量和汇之间的明显偏差阻碍了对其趋势和驱动因素的可靠解读。
研究组介绍并整合了观测和过程理解方面的最新进展，以解决全球碳预算评估中一些长期存在的问题。结果表明，自然陆地碳汇的规模远小于之前的估计，而人为土地利用变化的净排放量则被上调。海洋碳汇比陆地碳汇高15%，这与最近海洋和大气观测的证据一致。
气候变化降低了碳汇的效率（尤其是陆地碳汇），自1960年以来已导致大气中二氧化碳水平增加了8.3±1.4 ppm。气候变化和森林砍伐的综合影响使东南亚和南美洲大部分热带森林从二氧化碳汇变成了二氧化碳源。
这凸显了停止砍伐森林和限制气候变暖的必要性，以防止陆地上碳储量进一步流失。提高对二氧化碳源和汇评估的可信度对有效的气候政策至关重要。
▲ Abstract：
Despite the adoption of the Paris Agreement 10?years ago, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels continue to increase, pushing atmospheric CO2 levels to 423?ppm in 2024 and driving human-induced warming to 1.36?°C, within years of breaching the 1.5?°C limit. Accurate reporting of anthropogenic and natural CO2 sources and sinks is a prerequisite to tracking the effectiveness of climate policy and detecting carbon-sink responses to climate change. Yet notable mismatches between reported emissions and sinks have so far prevented confident interpretation of their trends and drivers. Here we present and integrate recent advances in observations and process understanding to address some long-standing issues in global carbon budget estimates. We show that the magnitude of the natural land sink is substantially smaller than previously estimated, whereas net emissions from anthropogenic land-use change are revised upwards. The ocean sink is 15% larger than the land sink, consistent with recent evidence from oceanic and atmospheric observations. Climate change reduces the efficiency of the sinks, particularly on land, contributing 8.3?±?1.4?ppm to the atmospheric CO2 increase since 1960. The combined effects of climate change and deforestation have turned Southeast Asian and large parts of South American tropical forests from CO2 sinks to sources. This underscores the need to halt deforestation and limit warming to prevent further loss of carbon stored on land. Improved confidence in assessments of CO2 sources and sinks is fundamental for effective climate policy.
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