通过石英破裂和多金属熔滴实现金的超富集，这一成果由中国地质大学（北京）简伟的课题组经过不懈努力而取得。相关论文于2024年2月28日发表在《地质学》杂志上。

金矿物组合通常局限于自然金和/或金-(银)-碲化物，并产于剪切石英脉的微裂缝中。此类组合的结构和组成特征，结合热液金刚石砧细胞实验和加热—冷冻实验，为通过石英破裂诱导多金属熔滴生长替代超高品位金的富集机制提供了证据。

研究人员认为Au-Ag-Te-Bi成分的多金属熔滴，是通过破碎石英表面上的金属络合物的吸附—还原形成的，其中表面的硅烷醇基和氢作为还原剂。熔滴随后通过催化金属络合物的还原，和从破裂的石英网络中渗透的流体中吸收金属而生长。可移动的活性多金属熔滴可以在长时间的石英压裂中反复与流体反应，并有效地继续从多脉冲的金不饱和矿石流体中提取金。

据介绍，传统上认为，热液系统中金的沉淀是由于矿石流体的物理化学条件变化，引发的金络合物稳定性降低而发生金的过饱和。然而，造山型(与剪切带有关)金矿床中的超高品位矿脉，每吨可含有数公斤或更多的黄金，与流体中非常低的金浓度(十亿分之几十)形成鲜明对比。

附：英文原文

Title: Hyper-enrichment of gold via quartz fracturing and growth of polymetallic melt droplets

Author: Wei Jian, Jingwen Mao, Bernd Lehmann, Nigel J. Cook, Jiankang Li, Shiwei Song, Lei Zhu

Issue&Volume: 2024-02-28

Abstract: Gold precipitation in hydrothermal systems is traditionally attributed to supersaturation of gold due to decreasing gold complex stability triggered by changes in physicochemical conditions of the ore fluid. However, ultrahigh-grade gold veins in orogenic (shear zone related) gold deposits can contain kilograms per tonne of gold or more, in marked contrast to the typically very low gold concentrations (tens of parts per billion) in fluid. The gold mineral assemblage is commonly restricted to native gold and/or Au-(Ag)-tellurides and occurs in micro-fractures of sheared quartz veins. Textural and compositional characterization of such assemblages, coupled with hydrothermal diamond anvil cell experiments and heating-freezing experiments, provides evidence for an alternative ultrahigh-grade gold enrichment mechanism via growth of polymetallic melt droplets induced by quartz fracturing. We propose that polymetallic melt droplets of Au-Ag-Te-Birich composition form through adsorption-reduction of metal complexes on fractured quartz surfaces, where surface silanol groups and hydrogen serve as reductants. The melt droplets subsequently grow by catalyzing reduction of metal complexes and absorbing metals from fluids percolating in the fractured quartz network. The mobile and reactive polymetallic melt droplets can repeatedly react with the fluid on protracted quartz fracturing and efficiently continue to scavenge gold from multiple pulses of gold-undersaturated ore fluids.

DOI: 10.1130/G51875.1

Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G51875.1/635694/Hyper-enrichment-of-gold-via-quartz-fracturing-and