构造活动区地震扰动后森林恢复力的变化，这一成果由中国科学院青藏高原研究所梁尔源团队经过不懈努力而取得。2024年2月20日，国际知名学术期刊《自然—地球科学》发表了这一成果。
研究人员建立了1900年后全球树木年轮宽度序列与地震之间的时空联系，从气候引起的年轮宽度序列变化中分离出地震信号，测试了以叠加年代分析为主题的生长变化，并量化了全球7个地区地震后恢复力沿环境梯度的变化。研究发现，恢复力增强的地点位于温带相对干燥的地区，这些地区的树木生长对生长季节降水的响应也在地震后增加。
研究结果表明，地震引起的土壤裂缝和断裂增加了降水向深层土壤的渗透，并增强了树木对水分和养分的吸收。相比之下，降雨量丰富地区的震后恢复能力降低，可以用土壤侵蚀和养分流失加剧来解释。研究结果强调，在特定的环境条件下，地震干扰导致森林恢复力发生数十年规模的变化，其结果解开了岩石圈、生物圈和大气之间复杂的相互作用。这些发现有助于更好地理解地球系统的运作方式。
据了解，构造活跃地区的森林受到地震的干扰。除了对树木的直接伤害外，地震还会引起整个森林范围内水文条件的变化，其对森林长期生长和恢复力的影响尚不清楚。
附：英文原文
Title: Shifts of forest resilience after seismic disturbances in tectonically active regions
Author: Gao, Shan, Liang, Eryuan, Liu, Ruishun, Lu, Xiaoming, Rossi, Sergio, Zhu, Haifeng, Piao, Shilong, Peuelas, Josep, Camarero, J. Julio
Issue&Volume: 2024-02-20
Abstract: Forests in tectonically active regions are disturbed by earthquakes. Besides direct injuries to trees, earthquakes also induce stand-wide changes in hydrological conditions, whose effects on long-term forest growth and resilience remain unknown. Here we establish spatio-temporal links between global tree-ring width series and earthquakes after 1900, disentangle seismic signals from climate-induced variations in ring width series, test growth changes using superposed epoch analysis and quantify post-earthquake resilience shifts along environmental gradients in seven regions around the world. We found sites with enhanced resilience locate in relatively dry areas of temperate regions, where the response of tree growth to growing-season precipitation also increased after earthquakes. Our results provide evidence that earthquake-induced soil cracks and fractures increased precipitation infiltration to deeper soil layers and enhanced the use of water and nutrients by trees. In contrast, reduced post-earthquake resilience in regions with abundant precipitation can be explained by increased soil erosion and nutrient leaching. We conclude that seismic disturbances cause decadal-scale shifts in forest resilience under specific environmental conditions, disentangling complex interactions between lithosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of how the Earth system functions.
DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01380-x
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01380-x