气候地理学和物种多样性的全球格局，这一成果由瑞士联邦森林研究所Graham, Catherine H.研究组经过不懈努力而取得。相关论文发表在2023年9月27日出版的《自然》杂志上。

该团队改变了全球生物多样性研究的共同视角，从地理空间过渡到气候定义的多维空间。他们的研究结果表明，更大、更孤立的气候条件往往蕴藏着陆生四足动物的更高多样性和物种更替，包括超过3万种。考虑气候本身的特征及其地理属性，研究小组可以解释全球物种丰富度变化的近90%。一半的解释力(45%)可能归因于气候本身或气候的地理位置，这表明它们之间存在微妙的相互作用。

他们的研究改变了传统的观点，即较大的气候区域，如热带，主要是因为它们的大小而容纳更多的物种。相反，研究人员强调气候的地理范围和隔离程度的整体作用。这种精细化的理解呈现了一幅更复杂的生物多样性分布图景，可以指导他们在不断变化的世界中保护生物多样性的方法。

据介绍，气候对全球生物多样性的影响通常是通过温度、湿度和由此产生的生态系统生产力来看待的。然而，尚不清楚生物多样性是否仅仅取决于这些气候条件，或者这些气候的大小和碎片化是否也至关重要。

附：英文原文

Title: The geography of climate and the global patterns of species diversity

Author: Coelho, Marco Tlio P., Barreto, Elisa, Rangel, Thiago F., Diniz-Filho, Jos Alexandre F., West, Rafael O., Bach, Wilhelmine, Skeels, Alexander, McFadden, Ian R., Roberts, David W., Pellissier, Loc, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Graham, Catherine H.

Issue&Volume: 2023-09-27

Abstract: Climate’s effect on global biodiversity is typically viewed through the lens of temperature, humidity and resulting ecosystem productivity1,2,3,4,5,6. However, it is not known whether biodiversity depends solely on these climate conditions, or whether the size and fragmentation of these climates are also crucial. Here we shift the common perspective in global biodiversity studies, transitioning from geographic space to a climate-defined multidimensional space. Our findings suggest that larger and more isolated climate conditions tend to harbour higher diversity and species turnover among terrestrial tetrapods, encompassing more than 30,000 species. By considering both the characteristics of climate itself and its geographic attributes, we can explain almost 90% of the variation in global species richness. Half of the explanatory power (45%) may be attributed either to climate itself or to the geography of climate, suggesting a nuanced interplay between them. Our work evolves the conventional idea that larger climate regions, such as the tropics, host more species primarily because of their size7,8. Instead, we underscore the integral roles of both the geographic extent and degree of isolation of climates. This refined understanding presents a more intricate picture of biodiversity distribution, which can guide our approach to biodiversity conservation in an ever-changing world.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06577-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06577-5