南京信息工程大学 Yue, Xu等报道2000 年至 2019 年全球人口暴露于景观火灾空气污染中。这一研究成果发表在2023年9月20日出版的国际学术期刊《自然》上。

研究人员在机器化学习和化学传输模型的帮助下，评估了在2000年至2019年期间，全球每日景观火源室外细颗粒物(PM_2.5)和在  0.25°×0.25° 的分辨率下的表面臭氧浓度。研究人员发现，2010至2019年间，总人口加权平均景观火源 PM_2.5 和臭氧浓度分别为 2.5 ^μg m^-3 (占所有来源臭氧的 6.1 ％)和 3.2 ^μg m^-3 (占所有臭氧来源的 3.6 ％)，与2000年至2009年间相比，PM_2.5 略有增加，但臭氧没有增加。

中非、东南亚、南美和西伯利亚经历了最高的景观火源 PM_2.5 和臭氧浓度。低收入国家的景观火源 PM_2.5 和臭氧浓度大约是高收入国家的四倍。在 2010 至 2019 年间，21.8 亿人每年至少暴露于 1 天的严重景观火源空气污染，世界上每个人平均每年暴露 9.9 天。与 2000 至 2009 年相比，这两项指标分别增长了 6.8 ％和 2.1 ％。总的来说，研究结果表明，伴随着社会经济差异，全球人口越来越多地暴露于景观火源空气污染中。

据介绍，随着气候的不断变化，野火越来越剧烈且频繁。景观火灾引发的空气污染会对人类健康产生负面影响，但是在全球范围内，人类暴露于景观火源(LFS)所造成的空气污染还没有很好地被描述出来。

附：英文原文

Title: Global population exposure to landscape fire air pollution from 2000 to 2019

Author: Xu, Rongbin, Ye, Tingting, Yue, Xu, Yang, Zhengyu, Yu, Wenhua, Zhang, Yiwen, Bell, Michelle L., Morawska, Lidia, Yu, Pei, Zhang, Yuxi, Wu, Yao, Liu, Yanming, Johnston, Fay, Lei, Yadong, Abramson, Michael J., Guo, Yuming, Li, Shanshan

Issue&Volume: 2023-09-20

Abstract: Wildfires are thought to be increasing in severity and frequency as a result of climate change. Air pollution from landscape fires can negatively affect human health, but human exposure to landscape fire-sourced (LFS) air pollution has not been well characterized at the global scale. Here, we estimate global daily LFS outdoor fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and surface ozone concentrations at 0.25°×0.25° resolution during the period 2000–2019 with the help of machine learning and chemical transport models. We found that overall population-weighted average LFS PM_2.5 and ozone concentrations were 2.5 ^μg m^-3 (6.1% of all-source PM_2.5) and 3.2 ^μg m^-3 (3.6% of all-source ozone), respectively, in 2010–2019, with a slight increase for PM_2.5, but not for ozone, compared with 2000–2009. Central Africa, Southeast Asia, South America and Siberia experienced the highest LFS PM_2.5 and ozone concentrations. The concentrations of LFS PM_2.5 and ozone were about four times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries. During the period 2010–2019, 2.18billion people were exposed to at least 1day of substantial LFS air pollution per year, with each person in the world having, on average, 9.9 days of exposure per year. These two metrics increased by 6.8% and 2.1%, respectively, compared with 2000–2009. Overall, we find that the global population is increasingly exposed to LFS air pollution, with socioeconomic disparities.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06398-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06398-6