美国国家海洋和大气管理局Gove, Jamison M.和Williams, Gareth J.的一项最新研究揭示了在海洋变暖的情况下，珊瑚礁受益于陆地—海洋的影响。2023年8月9日，国际知名学术期刊《自然》发表了这一成果。

研究人员将珊瑚礁变化的调查与独特的 20 年时间序列的陆地-海洋人类影响结合起来，其中包括夏威夷前所未有的海洋热浪。草食性鱼类数量增加、废水污染和城市径流等陆地影响减少的珊瑚礁，对珊瑚覆盖轨迹有积极的预测作用。与鱼群减少和陆地影响增强的珊瑚礁相比，这些珊瑚礁在遭受严重高温威胁后，珊瑚死亡率也略有下降。

情景模拟表明，同时减少陆地-海洋人类活动的影响，会使一个珊瑚礁在受到扰动四年后，出现高造礁体覆盖率的可能性比单独发生的情况高三至六倍。到 2030 年保护 30% 的地球陆地和海洋生态系统的国际努力还在进行中。研究结果表明，陆海综合管理有助于实现沿海海洋保护目标，并为珊瑚礁提供了在不断变化的气候中生存的最佳机会。

据悉，珊瑚礁生态系统正在受到当地人类影响和气候驱动的海洋热浪的根本改造，引发大规模珊瑚漂白和死亡。减少局部影响可以增加珊瑚礁对漂白的抵抗力和恢复能力。然而，资源管理人员缺乏明确的建议，无法在气候变化下为珊瑚礁提供最佳支持，采取有针对性的行动，而基于部门的治理意味着大多数基于陆地和海洋的管理工作仍然是各自为政。

 附：英文原文

Title: Coral reefs benefit from reduced land–sea impacts under ocean warming

Author: Gove, Jamison M., Williams, Gareth J., Lecky, Joey, Brown, Eric, Conklin, Eric, Counsell, Chelsie, Davis, Gerald, Donovan, Mary K., Falinski, Kim, Kramer, Lindsey, Kozar, Kelly, Li, Ning, Maynard, Jeffrey A., McCutcheon, Amanda, McKenna, Sheila A., Neilson, Brian J., Safaie, Aryan, Teague, Christopher, Whittier, Robert, Asner, Gregory P.

Issue&Volume: 2023-08-09

Abstract: Coral reef ecosystems are being fundamentally restructured by local human impacts and climate-driven marine heatwaves that trigger mass coral bleaching and mortality. Reducing local impacts can increase reef resistance to and recovery from bleaching. However, resource managers lack clear advice on targeted actions that best support coral reefs under climate change and sector-based governance means most land- and sea-based management efforts remain siloed. Here we combine surveys of reef change with a unique 20-year time series of land–sea human impacts that encompassed an unprecedented marine heatwave in Hawai‘i. Reefs with increased herbivorous fish populations and reduced land-based impacts, such as wastewater pollution and urban runoff, had positive coral cover trajectories predisturbance. These reefs also experienced a modest reduction in coral mortality following severe heat stress compared to reefs with reduced fish populations and enhanced land-based impacts. Scenario modelling indicated that simultaneously reducing land–sea human impacts results in a three- to sixfold greater probability of a reef having high reef-builder cover fouryears postdisturbance than if either occurred in isolation. International efforts to protect 30% of Earth’s land and ocean ecosystems by 2030 are underway. Our results reveal that integrated land–sea management could help achieve coastal ocean conservation goals and provide coral reefs with the best opportunity to persist in our changing climate.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06394-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06394-w