瑞典卡罗林斯卡研究所Peter Ueda团队分析了瑞典优秀男性足球运动员的酒精相关疾病风险。这一研究成果发表在2022年12月21日出版的《英国医学杂志》上。

为了评估与普通人群中的男性相比，男性精英足球运动员患酒精相关疾病的风险是否增加，以及这种增加的风险是否会根据顶级联赛第一个赛季的日历年、年龄、职业生涯长度和进球能力而有所不同，研究组进行了一项全国性队列研究。

1924~2019年，6007名男子足球运动员在瑞典顶级联赛Allsvenskan踢过球，56168名普通人群中的男子根据年龄和居住地区与球员匹配。主要结局是酒精相关疾病（死亡证明、住院期间和门诊就诊期间记录的诊断，或使用处方药治疗酒精成瘾）；次要结局是与滥用其他药物有关的疾病。

在2020年12月31日的随访中，257名（4.3%）足球运动员和3528名（6.3%）男性接受了酒精相关疾病的诊断。在考虑年龄、居住地区和日历时间的分析中，足球运动员患酒精相关疾病的风险低于普通人群中的男性（风险比为0.71）。

在20世纪60年代初及以后，第一个赛季在顶级联赛踢球的足球运动员患酒精相关疾病的风险有所降低，而早期足球运动员的风险与普通人群中的男性相比没有显著差异。风险比在35岁左右最低，然后随着年龄的增长而增加；在75岁左右，足球运动员患酒精相关疾病的风险高于普通人群中的男性。

进球率、比赛次数和在顶级联赛中的赛季数与酒精相关疾病的风险之间没有明显的关联。足球运动员患其他药物滥用相关疾病的风险显著低于普通人群（风险比为0.22）。

研究结果表明，在这项全国性的队列研究中，参加过瑞典顶级联赛的男性足球运动员患酒精相关疾病的风险明显低于普通人群。

附：英文原文

Title: Alcohol related disorders among elite male football players in Sweden: nationwide cohort study

Author: Peter Ueda, Bjrn Pasternak, Henrik Svanstrm, Carl-Emil Lim, Martin Neovius, Magnus Forssblad, Jonas F Ludvigsson, Manzur Kader

Issue&Volume: 2022/12/21

Abstract:

Objectives To assess whether male elite football players are at increased risk of alcohol related disorders compared with men from the general population, and whether such an increased risk would vary on the basis of calendar year of the first playing season in the top tier of competition, age, career length, and goal scoring abilities.

Design Nationwide cohort study.

Setting Sweden, 1924-2020.

Participants 6007 male football players who had played in the Swedish top division, Allsvenskan, from 1924 to 2019 and 56168 men from the general population matched to players based on age and region of residence.

Main outcome measures Primary outcome was alcohol related disorders (diagnoses recorded in death certificates, during hospital admissions and outpatient visits, or use of prescription drugs for alcohol addiction); secondary outcome was disorders related to misuse of other drugs.

Results During follow-up up to 31 December 2020, 257 (4.3%) football players and 3528 (6.3%) men from the general population received diagnoses of alcohol related disorders. In analyses accounting for age, region of residence, and calendar time, risk of alcohol related disorders was lower among football players than among men from the general population (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.81). A reduced risk of alcohol related disorders was observed for football players who played their first season in the top tier in the early 1960s and later, while no significant difference versus men from the general population was seen in the risk for football players from earlier eras. The hazard ratio was lowest at around age 35 years, and then increased with age; at around age 75 years, football players had a higher risk of alcohol related disorders than men from the general population. No significant association was seen between goal scoring, number of games, and seasons played in the top tier and the risk of alcohol related disorders. Risk of disorders related to other drug misuse was significantly lower among football players than the general population (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.34).

Conclusions In this nationwide cohort study, male football players who had played in the Swedish top tier of competition had a significantly lower risk of alcohol related disorders than men from the general population.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074093

Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/379/bmj-2022-074093