新加坡南洋理工大学Sanjay H. Chotirmall课题组揭示支气管扩张症加重时期的微生物组学图谱。该研究于2021年4月5日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然—医学》。

研究人员提出了一种通过加权相似性网络融合（https://integrative-microbiomics.ntu.edu.sg）在支气管扩张中整合细菌、病毒和真菌群落的多基因组方法。恶化风险最大的患者在其气道微生物组中具有较少的复杂微生物共现（co-occurrence）网络、多样性降低和拮抗作用程度较高。此外，纵向相互作用组动力学揭示了病情加重期间的微生物拮抗作用，这种相互作用在其他稳定的多基因组治疗后得以解决。

对假单胞菌相互作用基因组的评估表明，相互作用网络（而不是单独的丰度）与恶化风险相关，并且微生物相互作用数据的纳入改善了临床预测模型。霰弹枪宏基因组测序的独立队列验证了在靶向分析中检测到的多基因组相互作用，并证实了与恶化有关。综合微生物组学可捕获微生物相互作用以确定加重风险，单个微生物组的研究无法检测到这一点。抗生素策略可能针对相互作用网络而不是针对单个微生物，从而为了解呼吸道感染提供了一种新方法。 

研究人员介绍，支气管扩张是一种进行性慢性气道疾病，其特征是微生物的定植和感染。

附：英文原文

Title: Integrative microbiomics in bronchiectasis exacerbations

Author: Michel Mac Aogin, Jayanth Kumar Narayana, Pei Yee Tiew, Nur Atikah Binte Mohamed Ali, Valerie Fei Lee Yong, Tavleen Kaur Jaggi, Albert Yick Hou Lim, Holly R. Keir, Alison J. Dicker, Kai Xian Thng, Akina Tsang, Fransiskus Xaverius Ivan, Mau Ern Poh, Martina Oriano, Stefano Aliberti, Francesco Blasi, Teck Boon Low, Thun How Ong, Brian Oliver, Yan Hui Giam, Augustine Tee, Mariko Siyue Koh, John Arputhan Abisheganaden, Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova, James D. Chalmers, Sanjay H. Chotirmall

Issue&Volume: 2021-04-05

Abstract: Bronchiectasis, a progressive chronic airway disease, is characterized by microbial colonization and infection. We present an approach to the multi-biome that integrates bacterial, viral and fungal communities in bronchiectasis through weighted similarity network fusion (https://integrative-microbiomics.ntu.edu.sg). Patients at greatest risk of exacerbation have less complex microbial co-occurrence networks, reduced diversity and a higher degree of antagonistic interactions in their airway microbiome. Furthermore, longitudinal interactome dynamics reveals microbial antagonism during exacerbation, which resolves following treatment in an otherwise stable multi-biome. Assessment of the Pseudomonas interactome shows that interaction networks, rather than abundance alone, are associated with exacerbation risk, and that incorporation of microbial interaction data improves clinical prediction models. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of an independent cohort validated the multi-biome interactions detected in targeted analysis and confirmed the association with exacerbation. Integrative microbiomics captures microbial interactions to determine exacerbation risk, which cannot be appreciated by the study of a single microbial group. Antibiotic strategies probably target the interaction networks rather than individual microbes, providing a fresh approach to the understanding of respiratory infection.

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01289-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01289-7