瑞典卡洛琳卡学院Igor Adameyko、美国哈佛医学院Peter V. Kharchenko等研究人员合作发现，多个成交感神经细胞谱系对神经母细胞瘤起源具有潜在影响。这一研究成果于2021年4月8日在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然—遗传学》上。

在人类发育的受孕后第6周和第14周之间，研究人员检查了神经嵴和中胚层来源的肾上腺、肾脏、内皮和造血组织的转录状态。研究结果揭示了连接间介中胚层和器官原基祖细胞、造血系统和内皮亚型的过渡。

出乎意料的是，通过结合使用单细胞转录组学和谱系追踪，研究人员发现在该阶段的肾上腺内成交感神经细胞直接源自与神经相关的雪旺细胞前体，类似于局部嗜铬细胞，而大多数肾上腺外成交感神经细胞源于迁徙的神经嵴。在人类中，该过程在大型肾上腺内神经节样结构内的发育过程中持续了数周，该结构也可以充当神经母细胞瘤中原始细胞的储存库。 

据了解，在人类胚胎发生过程中细胞状态进展的特征可以提供有关小儿疾病起源的见解。

附：英文原文

Title: Single-cell transcriptomics of human embryos identifies multiple sympathoblast lineages with potential implications for neuroblastoma origin

Author: Polina Kameneva, Artem V. Artemov, Maria Eleni Kastriti, Louis Faure, Thale K. Olsen, Jrg Otte, Alek Erickson, Bettina Semsch, Emma R. Andersson, Michael Ratz, Jonas Frisn, Arthur S. Tischler, Ronald R. de Krijger, Thibault Bouderlique, Natalia Akkuratova, Maria Vorontsova, Oleg Gusev, Kaj Fried, Erik Sundstrm, Shenglin Mei, Per Kogner, Ninib Baryawno, Peter V. Kharchenko, Igor Adameyko

Issue&Volume: 2021-04-08

Abstract: Characterization of the progression of cellular states during human embryogenesis can provide insights into the origin of pediatric diseases. We examined the transcriptional states of neural crest– and mesoderm-derived lineages differentiating into adrenal glands, kidneys, endothelium and hematopoietic tissue between post-conception weeks 6 and 14 of human development. Our results reveal transitions connecting the intermediate mesoderm and progenitors of organ primordia, the hematopoietic system and endothelial subtypes. Unexpectedly, by using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics and lineage tracing, we found that intra-adrenal sympathoblasts at that stage are directly derived from nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors, similarly to local chromaffin cells, whereas the majority of extra-adrenal sympathoblasts arise from the migratory neural crest. In humans, this process persists during several weeks of development within the large intra-adrenal ganglia-like structures, which may also serve as reservoirs of originating cells in neuroblastoma. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of human embryonic sympathoadrenal tissues identifies developmental transitions and suggests that intra-adrenal sympathoblasts arising from Schwann cell precursors are a potential neuroblastoma cell of origin.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00818-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-021-00818-x