美国Benaroya研究所Adam Lacy-Hulbert团队发现，MHC II反式激活因子CIITA诱导细胞对埃博拉病毒和SARS样冠状病毒的抗性。2020年8月27日，《科学》在线发表了这一成果。

Title: MHC class II transactivator CIITA induces cell resistance to Ebola virus and SARS-like coronaviruses

Author: Anna Bruchez, Ky Sha, Joshua Johnson, Li Chen, Caroline Stefani, Hannah McConnell, Lea Gaucherand, Rachel Prins, Kenneth A. Matreyek, Adam J. Hume, Elke Mühlberger, Emmett V. Schmidt, Gene G. Olinger, Lynda M. Stuart, Adam Lacy-Hulbert

Issue&Volume: 2020/08/27

Abstract: Abstract Recent outbreaks of Ebola virus (EBOV) and SARS-CoV-2 have exposed our limited therapeutic options and poor understanding of cellular mechanisms that block viral infections. Using a transposon-mediated gene-activation screen in human cells, we identify that the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) has antiviral activity against EBOV. CIITA induces resistance by activating expression of the p41 isoform of invariant chain CD74, which inhibits viral entry by blocking cathepsin-mediated processing of the Ebola glycoprotein (EboGP). We further show that CD74 p41 can block the endosomal entry pathway of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. These data therefore implicate CIITA and CD74 in host defense against a range of viruses, and identify an additional function of these proteins beyond their canonical roles in antigen presentation.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abb3753

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/08/26/science.abb3753