美国埃默里大学Rafi Ahmed研究组发现，流感疫苗诱导产生的人骨髓浆细胞（BMPC）在接种后一年内下降。相关论文于2020年8月13日发表在《科学》杂志上。

由于骨髓浆细胞可以长期维持血清抗体水平，因此研究人员探究了流感疫苗接种后这些细胞的产生和维持情况。研究发现，季节性灭活流感疫苗免疫四周后，流感特异性BMPC的数量有所增加，但一年后又恢复到接近接种前水平。这种下降是由疫苗诱导BMPC产生受损造成的，而原有的BMPC得以维持。

该研究结果表明，成人接种流感疫苗产生的大多数BMPC都是短暂的。如何提高BMPC的持久性是下一代流感疫苗研发的关键挑战。

据悉，理想的通用流感疫苗会产生保护性免疫反应，这种免疫反应不仅对多种流感毒株具有广泛的有效性，而且具有持久性。

附：英文原文

Title: Influenza vaccine–induced human bone marrow plasma cells decline within a year after vaccination

Author: Carl W. Davis, Katherine J. L. Jackson, Megan M. McCausland, Jaime Darce, Cathy Chang, Susanne L. Linderman, Chakravarthy Chennareddy, Rebecca Gerkin, Shantoria J. Brown, Jens Wrammert, Aneesh K. Mehta, Wan Cheung Cheung, Scott D. Boyd, Edmund K. Waller, Rafi Ahmed

Issue&Volume: 2020/08/13

Abstract: Abstract A universal vaccine against influenza would ideally generate protective immune responses that are not only broadly reactive against multiple influenza strains, but also long-lasting. Because long-term serum antibody levels are maintained by bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC), we investigated the production and maintenance of these cells after influenza vaccination. We found increased numbers of influenza-specific BMPC four weeks after immunization with the seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine, but numbers returned to near their pre-vaccination levels after one year. This decline was driven by the loss of BMPC induced by the vaccine, while pre-existing BMPC were maintained. Our results suggest that most BMPC generated by influenza vaccination in adults are short-lived. Designing strategies to enhance their persistence will be a key challenge for the next generation of influenza vaccines.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz8432

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/08/12/science.aaz8432